SWISS mice, edible frogs and goldfish i.p. injected with zymosan (Z groups) develop peritoneal inflammation connected with a massive intraperitoneal accumulation of leukocytes, which is significantly diminished in mice and fish (but not frogs) by supplementation of zymosan with morphine (ZM groups). In order to check the putative role of resident peritoneal macrophages in morphine-modulated zymosan-induced peritonitis, some animals were depleted of resident macrophages by repeated i.p. injections of clodronate-liposomes (CL) followed by Z or ZMinjection. In SWISS mice such CL-induced removal of Mac-3-positive cells (macrophages) resulted in an enhanced influx and prolonged accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in CL-Z and CL-ZM groups in comparison with their counterparts with intact macrophages. Nevertheless, supplementation of zymosan with morphine inhibited the early stages of peritonitis in CL-treated animals as it did in untreated mice. This indicates that intact peritoneal macrophages of SWISS mice are important for limiting PMN accumulation, perhaps mainly through the release of IL-10, but are not critical for the induction of anti-inflammatory effects of morphine during the early stages of peritonitis. Unexpectedly, macrophage depletion in CL-treated frogs and fish resulted in a lack of a typical peritonitis in both Z and ZM groups of these ectothermic animals.
Suicide genes encode enzymes, which convert nontoxic substrates to toxic products.These genes are proposed for selective killing of tumor cells in cancer gene therapy.In this review we demonstrate preliminary results of direct in vivo transfer of cytosine deaminase (CD) gene from E.coli into murine B16(F10) melanoma cells via cationic liposomes.
One great advantage of liposome-encapsulated genes for gene theraphy is its safeness.But a shortcoming is its low transfection effeciency.To overcome this shortage, we devised cationic large uniamellar vesicles for efficient and transfer of the gene for its expression.Recently, we devised a simple method to prepare cationic multilamellar large vesicles.By use of these vesicles, malignant glioma in an experimental model was successfully cured.
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