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1

Live attenuated Leishmania vaccines: a potential strategic alternative

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Silvestre R., Cordeiro-da-Silva A., Ouaissi A.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2008
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vol. 56
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issue 2
123-126
EN
Leishmaniasis causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, constituting an important public health problem. Leishmania infections cause a wide spectrum of diseases, ranging in severity from spontaneously healing skin lesions to fatal visceral disease. Attempts to develop an effective vaccine to control leishmaniasis have been shown to be feasible, but no vaccine is in active clinical use. The ability to create genetically modified parasites by eliminating virulence or essential genes is considered a powerful alternative in the development of an effective protective vaccine. Here, recent findings related to genetically defined live attenuated Leishmania parasites as promising vaccine candidates are reviewed.
2

Cytokine-producing T cell subsets in human leishmaniasis

100%
Kemp K.
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vol. 48
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issue 3
173-176
EN
Leishmania specific Th1/Th2 cells have been identified in humans as well as in mice. There is a correlation between the clinical outcome of the infection and the cytokine response profile. Generally, the production of Th2 cytokines leads to severe infection, whereas the production of Th1 cytokines leads to subclinical or mild infections. In mice, an infection leads to a polarisation of either Th1 or Th2 Leishmania antigen specific cells. In contrast, both Th1 and Th2 Leishmania antigen specific cells can be identified in humans cured from L. donovani infections. Theoretically, Th1 cells and Th2 cells mutually down-regulate each other. However, the presence of antigen specific regulatory T cell subsets may provide an environment that allows the presence of both Th1 and Th2 cells.
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