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Seasonal waves of influenza and cause-specific mortality in Germany

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Huy C., Kuhn D., Schneider S., Zöllner I.
Open Medicine
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2012
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vol. 7
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issue 4
450-456
EN
Seasonal influenza epidemics regularly lead to an increase in population-based mortality in Germany and other industrialized nations. This study aimed to investigate seasonal variations in waves of influenza and cause-specific mortality rates. We analyzed influenza case data, monthly mortality rates and environmental temperature in the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany, between 2001 and 2006 using visual methods and bivariate statistics. Peaks in overall mortality rates were associated with waves of influenza and preceded by a drop in the environmental temperature. During an influenza epidemic, many cause-specific mortality rates increased, that is to say, there were coinciding peaks for diseases of the respiratory and the circulatory system. There are several reasons which might explain the observed temporal associations between reported cases of influenza and cause-specific mortality: 1) the general physical impairment of persons with chronic diseases; 2) the combined effect of low environmental temperatures and seasonal waves of influenza; 3) the system of coding underlying disease in death certificates. Our findings point to an underestimated role of influenza in mortality in Germany.
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Diversity of influenza-like illness etiology in Polish Armed Forces in influenza epidemic season

80%
Kocik J., Niemcewicz M., Winnicka I., Michalski A., Bielawska-Drózd A., Kołodziej M., Joniec J., Cieślik P., Graniak G., Mirski T., Gaweł J., Bielecka-Oder A., Kubiak L., Russell K.
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2014
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vol. 61
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issue 3
489-494
EN
The aim of this study was to conduct an epidemiological and laboratory surveillance of Influenza-Like Illnesses (ILI) in Polish Armed Forces, civilian military personnel and their families in 2011/2012 epidemic season, under the United States Department of Defense-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DoD-GEIS). ILI incidence data were analyzed in relation to age, gender, patient category as well as pathogen patterns. Multiple viral, bacterial and viral-bacterial co-infections were identified. Nose and throat swabs of active duty soldiers in the homeland country and in the NATO peacekeeping forces KFOR (Kosovo Force), as well as members of their families were tested for the presence of viral and bacterial pathogens. From October 2011 to May 2012, 416 specimens from ILI symptoms patients were collected and analyzed for the presence of viral and bacterial pathogens. Among viruses, coronavirus was the most commonly detected. In the case of bacterial infections, the most common pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus.
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