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1

In vitro culture of isolated embryos and ovules from wide crosses within the genus brassica

100%
Wojciechowski A., Maslankiewicz J., Chen Y., Kwapiszewska M., Springer B.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 2
86-89
EN
In vitro culture of hybrid embryos and ovules from crosses of B. campestris, B. oleracea, B. fruticulosa and B. napus were conducted on White, Murashige and Skoog, Murashige and Skoog modified by Keller and Nitsh and Nitsh media. The highest efficiency of crosses was obtained in the crosses B. campestris x B. oleracea, and the lowest in crosses with B. fruticulosa. In cultures of 572 embryos from 11 cross combinations, plants were regenerated from 24,5% of cultured embryos. From 3 cross combinations 502 ovules were placed on the medium. In this case the plants were regenerated from 2 of 3 crosses and the efficiency of the culture was over 46%.
2

Morphological, cytological and molecular evaluation of interspecific F1 (A. galanthum x A. cepa) hybrids

100%
Kie?kowska A., Adamus A.
Biotechnologia
|
2010
|
issue 2
146-155
EN
The interspecific F1 (A. galanthum x A. cepa) hybrids were obtained via embryo rescue technique. For hybrids and parental plants, the morphological traits and pollen fertility evaluation were made. The tested F1 hybrids were similar to the maternal form regarding to the leaves' length, while the number of bulbils leaves and stem diameter were similar to the paternal form. Pollen viability test showed that F1 hybrid plants exhibited complete or partial male sterility. Cytological observations of microsporogenesis and tetrads revealed no disturbances in meiosis; however, the presence of dyads, tryads (22%) and tetrads degeneration (1%) was recorded. The analyses of chloroplast DNA proved that all F1 progenies examined possessed the cytoplasm of A. galanthum. We concluded that the sterility or low pollen viability of F1 hybrids is caused by the presence of galanthum cytoplasm.
3

Study on an embryo culture of black currant hybrids obtained as a result of distant hybridisation

100%
Golis A., Pluta S., Zurawicz E.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 2
66-71
EN
The subjects of this study were embryos obtained from 22 crossing combinations in the course of distant hybridisation. No embryos were obtained from the following three interspecific hybridisations: Siewka K1 x Josta, Siewka K1 x Czereszniewa and Captivator x Josta. Seeds obtained from these combinations did not hold endosperm, but yielded watered liquid. In the remaining hybridisations, a high percentages of visible embryos increased considerably, especially at the torpedo-shaped stage. An addition of kinetin (1 mg/l) to the media had a better impact on plant regeneration from embryos than the addition of BA (0,5 mg/l). Dependending on the study, up to 83,7% of exposed embryos in the media started to grow and develop under the influence of kinetin.
4

Cytological characteristics of F2 hybrids between Triticum aestivum L. and T. durum Desf. with reference to wheat breeding

88%
Wang H.-Y., Liu D.-C., Yan Z.-H., Wei Y.-M., Zheng Y.-L.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2005
|
vol. 46
|
issue 4
365-369
EN
Cytological and agronomic characteristics of a F2 population from Triticum aestivum L. ? T. durum Desf. hybrids were analyzed plant by plant. Means of morphologic traits in the F2 population were similar to those of the low-value parent. On average, F2 hybrids had 36.54 chromosomes per plant, indicating that each gamete lost 2.73 chromosomes at meiosis of the F1 generation. More than half of plants had 36?39 chromosomes, so male gametes with 19?21 chromosomes seemed to be superior to the others. The distribution frequency of chromosomes in this study differed from that in a previous report, where a different tetraploid wheat was used. This shows that a different breeding strategy may need to be taken when exploiting a different tetraploid wheat. According to our results, some plants with 42 chromosomes, having all the wheat A, B and D chromosomes, would appear in the F3 population, which provides a chance to obtain stable bread wheat lines from the self-pollinated progenies. Alternatively, the desirable individuals of the F2 population were backcrossed to bread wheat, which is very useful and efficient for the improvement of bread wheat by exploiting desirable genes in durum wheat.
5

Cytological investigations of the interspecific hybrids of Nicotiana tabacum L. ? N. glauca Grah.

75%
Trojak-Goluch A., Berbec A.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2003
|
vol. 44
|
issue 1
45-54
EN
Interspecific amphihaploid and amphidiploid hybrids between Nicotiana glauca Grah. (2n = 24) and N. tabacum L. (2n = 48) cultivars BY 103 and K 326 were analysed. F1 amphihaploids (2n = 36) were viable and completely self- and cross-sterile, and mostly univalents were present during meiosis (with pairing range from 0 to 5). In some meiocytes, meiotic irregularities were observed, such as sporadic chromatin bridges and formation of restitution nuclei. The resultant F1 hybrids were easily converted to amphidiploids (2n = 72) via colchicine treatment of seedlings. The number of univalents and the frequency of PMCs containing unpaired chromosomes indicated that amphidiploids N. tabacum cv. BY 103 or K 326 ? N. glauca represented quite a high pairing category. However, they were male sterile because pollen mother cells were arrested at the tetrad stage. The termination of development of PMCs, and consequently male sterility, are very rare in this kind of tobacco hybrids.
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