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Contribution of interleukin 2 and interleukin 12 receptors in signal transduction

100%

Lyszkiewicz M., Pajtasz-Piasecka E.

Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej

2002

vol. 56

issue 6

707-731

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 12 (IL-12) belong to lympho-hematopoietic cytokines and play a critical role in the promotion and enhancement of cellular response. IL-2 as the second signal of antigenic stimulation facilitates the transition of the cell cycle from phase G1 to phase S and is responsible for the regulation of T lymphocytes proliferation and the activation of cytotoxic T cells, natural killers, macrophages and granulocytes. IL-12 is the dominant factor in T helper cells polarization leading to the secretion of IFN-. Receptors for both of the cytokines (IL-2R or IL-12R) represent class I cytokine receptors composed of multiple subunits. Generally, they contain a similar extracellular conserved motif of four cysteines, and amino acid sequence - WSXWS (interacting directly with ligand) but possess no catalytic domens in the intrinsic tail of the chains. For this reason, to transfer the impact, the association with number of signaling molecules, allowing the activation of the signaling pathways is required. The connections of IL-2R or IL-12R with their ligands recruit receptor-associated cytoplasmic proteins from the JAK family (JAK1/JAK3 or JAK2/TYK2, respectively), which catalyze the phosphorylation of themselves and intrinsic tyrosine residues on the receptor, creating STAT docking sites. This phosphorylated and subsequent dimerised proteins bind rapidly to DNA and activate it. This review, presents the differences and similarities between the signaling pathways triggered by IL-2R or IL-12R ligation.

The Immunological effects of interleukin 2 therapy in HIV+ patients

88%

De_Paoli P.

vol. 48

issue 4

243-249

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection produces a profound impairment of immune functions that antiretroviral therapy is unable to restore. Because of its immuno-enhancing properties, interleukin 2 (IL-2) has been used as a therapeutic tool in HIV+ subjects. IL-2 produces an increase of CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte absolute counts that is preferentially due to the expansion of the ?naive? cells. In addition, IL-2 increases cytokine production from the cells of the immune system and is able to up-regulate the expression of cytokine receptors, such as the chemokine receptors CCR-5 and CXCR-4. Less informations on the IL-2 activity on the CD8 subset are available at the moment. The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy has changed this scenario, making the IL-2 effects less clear-cut than previously hypothesized. We suggest that the ongoing studies will define the precise role of IL-2 in the therapy of HIV infection.

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1 Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

1 Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej

1 2002

1 2000

1 De_Paoli P.

1 Lyszkiewicz M.

1 Pajtasz-Piasecka E.

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Contribution of interleukin 2 and interleukin 12 receptors in signal transduction

The Immunological effects of interleukin 2 therapy in HIV+ patients