In this study, the structure of egg capsules of two species of Neotropical Perlidae: Anacroneuria starki FENOGLIO and MORISI (2001a) and A. talamanca STARK (1998), were examined. Eggs were studied using a scanning electron microscope. A morphological characterization of these eggshells is presented: layers, attachment structures and other anatomical features are described. The egg capsules of the two species differ in some aspects, but both are characterized by thin-layered egg coverings (vitelline envelope, chorion and extrachorion). On the basis of these observations, the importance of eggshell structure for the biogeographical distribution of Plecoptera in the tropics is discussed. A key role for egg capsules in the adaptation process of Plecoptera to aquatic environments of the Neotropics is hypothesized.
Karyotypes (number and size of chromosomes, sex -determining system) and testis structure (number of testicular follicles) of 37 species belonging to 24 genera of the little studied fulgoroid families Cixiidae, Meenoplidae, Derbidae, Achilidae, Nogodinidae, Tropiduchidae and Flatidae are presented. For Meenoplidae, Nogodinidae and Tropiduchidae data on the testis structure have been obtained for the first time. The data available for Fulgoroidea as a whole are reviewed.
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