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1

Transepithelial transport of sodium and chloride ions in isolated skin of the frog, Rana esculenta

100%
Kosik-Bogacka D. I., Tyrakowski T.
Folia Biologica
|
2002
|
vol. 50
|
issue 3-4
107-114
EN
Isolated frog skin, mounted in a Ussing apparatus, was investigated electrophysiologically. Application of amiloride, an inhibitor of sodium ion transport, and bumetanide, known to block the transport of chloride ions, revealed the effect of these ions on PD, both under control conditions and following mechanical stimulation. Under control conditions, mechanical stimulation of the skin caused hyperpolarization, i.e. a transient increase in the electrical potential difference. Preincubation in the presence of amiloride, or amiloride plus bumetanide, brought about both a decrease in electrical potential and an inhibition of the reaction upon stimulation. On the other hand, incubation with bumetanide resulted in a decrease in electrical potential, but did not affect the skin reaction after mechanical stimulation. The above results indicate that hyperpolarization of the frog skin following mechanical stimulation is caused by enhanced transepithelial transport of sodium ions which, in turn, is induced by stimulation of sensory receptors.
2

Inhibition of angiogenesis in the treatment of tumors

100%
Ostrowski K., Kinsner A.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2001
|
vol. 49
|
issue 1
27-32
EN
Angiogenesis is essential for tumor progression, growth and metastases. Many substances present in a normal organism can inhibit or stimulate the process of new vessel formation in tumors. The use of natural or synthetic angiogenesis inhibitors as anticancer drugs is currently under intense investigation. Such agents can have lower toxicity and are less likely to generate drug resistance than conventional cytotoxic drugs. Clinical trials are now underway to develop optimum treatment strategies for antiangiogenic drugs. This paper reviews the present achievements in preclinical and clinical studies with antitumor drugs based on inhibitors of angiogenesis.
3

New target against inflammatory diseases: transglutaminase 2

100%
Kim S.-Y.
|
|
issue 5
332-337
EN
Transglutaminase (TGase) 2 is an enzyme that is widely used in many biological systems for generic tissue stabilization or immediate defense for wounds. Many reports showed that TGase 2 is aberrantly activated in tissues and cells and contributes to a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases and autoimmune diseases. In most cases, TGase 2 appears to be a factor in the formation of inappropriate proteinaceous aggregates that may be cytotoxic. However, in other cases, such as celiac disease, arthritis, lupus, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, TGase 2 is involved in the generation of autoantibodies. This suggests the possibility that inappropriate expression and/or presentation of TGase 2 to T cells might contribute to these diseases in genetically predisposed individuals. We and others have found that TGase 2 expression is also increased in the inflammation process. Furthermore, we also demonstrated a reversal of inflammation by TGase inhibition. This review will examine a possibility of TGase inhibitors as therapeutic agents in a variety of inflammatory diseases.
4

Mechanisms of activation, biological role and inhibitors of metalloproteases of extracellular matrix

100%
Gacko M.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2001
|
vol. 55
|
issue 2
303-318
EN
Prometalloproteases are activated by serine proteases, MMP-3, leucocytic elastase, furin, furin-like proteases and by membrane-type metalloproteases as well. They form complex with some proMMPs and thus they modify their activation.
5

The role of caspases in apoptosis

88%
Smolewski P.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2003
|
vol. 57
|
issue 3
335-354
EN
Activation of caspases is the key event during apoptosis. Abnormalities of this phenomenon play an important role in the pathogenesis of several disorders and may have important clinical implications, including the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Currently, these problems are extensively investigated in several experimental and clinical studies.
6

Inhibitors of neoangiogenesis in antitumor therapy

88%
Opolski A., Wietrzyk J.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2001
|
vol. 55
|
issue 3
369-385
EN
The role of angiogenesis in tumor growth and metastasis is discussed. The endogenous activators and inhibitors of tumor angiogenesis are presented and their mechanisms of action are reviewed. An overview on angiogenesis as a new potential targed of antitumor therapy is described. The clinical trials of various antiangiogenic agents are briefly summarized and their differential mechanisms of action are discussed.
7

Targeting Janus kinase 3 in the treatment of leukemia and inflammatory diseases

75%
Cetkovic-Cvrlje M., Uckun F. M.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2004
|
vol. 52
|
issue 2
69-82
EN
Janus tyrosine kinases (JAKs) are cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases that play a crucial role in the initial steps of cytokine signaling. JAK3, a member of JAK kinase family of four (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and TYK2), is abundantly expressed in lymphoid cells. JAK3 has been found to initiate signaling of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-13 and IL-15. Indispensable role of JAK3 in lymphocyte development and function has been revealed recently. Because of the involvement of JAK3 in T cell activation and proliferation, and the documented genetic evidence for the role of JAK3 in autoimmune or transplant -induced inflammatory disorders, the selective targeting of JAK3 in T cells may potentially be clinically beneficial in T cell-derived pathologic disorders. In this review we discuss inhibitors of JAK3 as a new class of immunomodulatory agents with immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-leukemic properties. Preclinical data from multiple experimental model systems of autoimmune diabetes, allergy, solid organ transplantation, pancreatic islet transplantation and bone marrow transplantation are discussed in the context of the clinical need for new immunomodulatory agents with such properties.
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