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1

The application of the tissue cultures in protection of rare and threatened species of ferns from Lower Silesia

100%
Marsza? J., Kromer K.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 2
237-243
EN
One of the possibilities of the conservation biology is the in vitro culture method. The usefulness of in vitro culture methods of spore planting and prothallium storage of rare, threatened and protected fern species were tested. Spors of Asplenium adulterinum, A. cuneifolium, A. septentrionale and Polypodium vulgare were collected from sporophytes growing in the natural habitats of Lower Silesia area in 1996. The collected spores were disinfected and the aseptic spores were cultured in flasks containing 1/4 MS solid medium. After three to eight months, the spores germinated, giving rise to a filamentous gametophytes. Six to eight months later, spotophytes could be observed in these cultures. The in vitro method gives the possibility to investigate the special characteristics of life cycle and breeding system of fern species. It is possible to collect fern spores from natural habitats and use them to obtain populations, which will allow to preserve the fern population in cultivation in the Botanical Garden of the Wroclaw University.
2

Perspectives of biocatalysis

100%
Turkiewicz M.
Biotechnologia
|
2003
|
issue 2
316-336
EN
The report presents the most perspective directions of recent studies within the area of applied biocatalysis that are aimed at widening of the scope of its applications in diverse fields, from the industrial chemical synthesis to health and environment protection. Both known types of natural biocatalysts and the artificial catalytic molecules derived from them have been described. Current advances in the investigations into extremophilic organisms and their unusual enzymes have been also shown. The highest attention has been focused on some sophisticated methods of the improvement of natural catalytic proteins, particularly on their directed molecular in vitro evolution. The latest methods of enzyme immobilization and reaction medium engineering that significantly increased the number of their practical applications have been also reported.
3
Content available remote

In vitro recorded theta-like activity in the limbic cortex: comparison with spontaneous theta and epileptiform discharges

100%
Konopacki J., Golebiewski H., Eckersdorf B., Kowalczyk T., Bocian R.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2000
|
vol. 60
|
issue 1
67-85
EN
The generation of EEG theta rhythm in the mammalian limbic cortex is a prime example of rhythmic activity that involves central mechanisms of oscillations and synchrony. This EEG pattern has been extensively studied since 1938, when Jung and Kornmller (1938) demonstrated the first theta recordings in the hippocampal formation of rabbits. In 1986 in collaboration with Drs. B.H. Bland, S.H. Roth and B.M. MacIver we demonstrated for the first time that bath perfusion of hippocampal slices with the cholinergic agonist, carbachol, resulted in theta-like oscillations. Since this initial demonstration of in vitro theta-like activity, we have carried out a number of experiments in an attempt to answer the basic question: what are the similarities between cholinergic-induced in vitro theta-like activity and theta rhythm which naturally occurs in the in vivo preparation. Thus far, our studies have provided strong evidence that theta-like activity recorded in vitro shares many of the physiological and pharmacological properties of theta rhythm observed in vivo. The question whether in vitro theta-like oscillations reflect features of epileptiform activity is also adressed in this review.
4

Embryogenic callus formation by cotyledon and leaf explants of Crambe abyssinica seedlings

100%
Furmanek T., Banas W.
Biotechnologia
|
2011
|
issue 2
209-213
EN
The study investigates the regeneration capacity of Crambe abyssinica via the callus phase. The conducted experiments provide an overview of various conditions appropriate for callus development and its subsequent differentiation. Explants from cotyledons and leaves of sterile 14-day-old seedlings of C. abyssinica cv. Mayer were used. The primary callus so obtained was subsequently utilised for the observation of embryogenesis. The best callus formation on the explants was achieved on the agar-solidified MS medium with 0.5 mg . dm-3 NAA and 0.5 mg . dm-3 BAP or TDZ. The formation of secondary embryogenic callus was most efficient on MS medium supplemented with 0.4 mg . dm-3 NAA and 0.3 mg . dm-3 of BAP.
5

Induction of genetic variation in vitro

100%
Skucinska B.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 3
145-151
EN
The effectiveness of traditional methods for inducing genetic variation has greatly increased with the introduction of various techniques in vitro. The new methods of obtaining generative and somatic hybrids in vitro have resulted in a greater recombinant variation, exceeding the levels delimited hitherto by mating barriers. The potential for producing mutants has expanded due to the use of mutant somatic cells (brought in with the explant) as well as to the application of mutagens to individual cells and protoplasts, the haploid ones in particular. Two specific types of variation, i.e. somaclonal and gametoclonal variation, have proved to arise under the influence of various factors in tissue culture. However, the full application of these two types is inhibited to some extent by the constrains on the regeneration ability of plants in culture, on the possibility to select variants in vitro, and on the continuity of the resulting changes. Cultures in vitro also make it possible to introduce directional genetic changes through the application of molecular techniques.
6

Effect of bulb chilling and growth regulators on the in vitro bulblet regeneration in Hippeastrum x chmielii Chm.

100%
Ilczuk A., Witomska M.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 2
185-190
EN
Selected clones of a new intergeneric species Hippeastrum x chmielii Chm. grow vigorously, flower abundantly and produce flowers in clear, vivid colors. The hybrid is suitable both for cut flower production and as a pot plant. A great demand for planting the material is expected, therefore it is necessary to elaborate an efficient micropropagation method where due to application of growth regulators the bulblets can be differentiated from different tissues. To meet this goal, the trials were undertaken to propagate this hybrid from inflorescence shoots (scapes) obtained from bulbs (clone 2/7) chilled for 3, 5 or 7 months at 4oC. Both the length of chilling and the growth regulators in the MS medium affected bulblet regeneration. On the medium without growth regulators bulblets were scarce and appeared only on shoot explants from bulbs chilled for 5 months. The presence of 2 mg?dm-3 isopenthenyladenine (2iP) and 0,2 mg?dm-3 alpha-naphtylacetic acid (NAA), as well as combination of the same auxin with 2 mg?dm-3 benzyladenine (BA), stimulated bulblet formation on the explants. After 3 months of chilling, the regeneration was the poorest and the longer the chilling period was the more bulblets were produced on explants, but only in the presence of growth regulators.
7

The Influence of amifostine used alone or in combination with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine on normal and chronic myelogenous leukemia granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells in vitro

88%
Korycka A., Robak T.
|
|
vol. 48
|
issue 4
293-299
EN
We evaluated the influence of amifostine used alone or in combination with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA) on the colony growth of normal and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) in semisolid culture in vitro. Amifostine at a concentration of 1 mg/ml was either added directly to the culture medium of normal and CML CFU-GM, or mononuclear cells (MNCs) were first preincubated with amifostine at the same concentration, washed in Iscove's modified Dulbecco minimum essential medium (IDMEM) and then added to the culture medium. Amifostine used alone inhibited the growth of CML CFU-GM colonies to a higher degree than those of normal CFU-GM, but the differences were not statistically significant. Amifostine preincubated with MNCs and used together with the highest concentration of 2-CdA significantly inhibited the colony growth of CML CFU-GM as compared to 2-CdA alone (p<0.05). In contrast, the colony growth inhibition of normal CFU-GM was not significantly lower compared to 2-CdA used alone. Our studies suggest that 2-CdA used together with amifostine is more toxic to leukemic CFU-GM than to their normal counterparts.
8

Plant growth regulators and somatic embryogenesis in Medicago sativa L.

88%
Kepczynski J., Kepczynska E.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 2
16-25
EN
Somatic embryogenesis, resembling zygotic embryogenesis in vivo, is considered to be an efficient method of in vitro propagation of a number of agronomically important plant species including Medicago sativa L. and it offers an in vitro experimental system for studying the embryo development. Artificial seed technology is one of the important applications of the process. Induction of embryogenesis, embryo development and induction desiccation tolerance are affected by plant growth regulators. The review will focus on the effect of plant growth regulators: auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, jasmonates, ethylene and inhibitors on the synthesis and action of different phases of somatic embryogenesis in Medicago sativa L.
9

Effect of protein source, witamin E and phenazine ethosulfate on developmental competence and quality of porcine embryos cultured in vitro

88%
Gajda B., Baryla M., Smorag Z.
Folia Biologica
|
2008
|
vol. 56
|
issue 1-2
57-63
EN
Effects of fetal calf serum (FCS) or bovine serum albumin (BSA), with or without vitamin E (vit. E) or phenazine ethosulfate (PES) supplementation on developmental competence and quality of cultured porcine embryos were examined. The experiment was done on zygotes and 2-cell embryos obtained from superovulated gilts. Morphologically normal zygotes were cultured in vitro in NCSU-23 medium supplemented with: experiment 1-0.004 g/ml BSA, 10% FCS, protein-free (control); experiment 2-0 (control), 25, 50 or 100 M vit. E; experiment 3-0 (control), 0.025, 0.05 or 0.075 M PES. Embryo quality criteria were developmental competence (cleavage, morula and blastocyst rates), total cell number per blastocyst and degree of apoptosis as assessed by TUNEL staining. Presence of BSA in culture medium increased significantly morula and blastocysts production as compared to FCS (P<0.001) and protein-free group (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively). The blastocysts cultured in protein-free medium had higher average number of apoptotic nuclei and DNA fragmented nucleus index as compared to the BSA (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively) and FCS (P<0.5) group. Supplementation in culture medium of 100 M vit. E increased blastocyst production as compared to control and 50 M vit-E (P<0.05). Both the number of cells per and percentage of TUNEL positive nuclei per blastocyst were slightly lower in PES treated than control groups.
10

Rooting in vitro and acclimatization in the greenhouse of herbaceous peony plantlets

88%
Gabryszewska E., Kawa-Miszczak L.
Biotechnologia
|
2010
|
issue 2
172-179
EN
The influence of sucrose concentration (10 and 30 g l-1), low level of nitrogen salts (1/8 KNO3, 1/8 NH3NO4), auxins (IBA 1 mg l-1 + IAA 1 mg l-1 + NAA 0,01 mg l-1), and temperature (15?C, 20?C) on the rooting in vitro and acclimatization in the greenhouse of two cultivars ('Jadwiga', 'Professor Wojcicki') of Paeonia lactiflora were investigated. The level of endogenous carbohydrates in the peony shoots and roots during the rooting and acclimatization phases were analysed. There were a higher rooting and acclimatization percentage of 'Professor Wojcicki' cultivar than 'Jadwiga' cultivar . Also, more roots were produced by shoots of 'Professor Wojcicki' cultivar . The presence of auxins in the medium and the higher concentration of sucrose (30 g l-1) stimulated number of roots/shoot. On the other hand, the higher rooting percentage was found on the auxin?free medium in the presence of high level of sucrose. The shoots of 'Professor Wojcicki' rooted best when cultured at 20?C, but the shoots of 'Jadwiga' at lower temperature - 15?C. During the rooting stage, the major sugars detected in the peony microplants were sucrose, glucose and fructose. After four weeks of acclimatization, the plantlets accumulated starch and showed strong inhibition of shoot growth, and dormant buds were developed.
11

The effect of cefotaxime and carbenicillin on viability and development of carrot protoplasts

88%
Grzebelus E., Grabka M., Baranski R.
Biotechnologia
|
2010
|
issue 2
156-164
EN
We examined the toxicity of two antibiotics belonging to the betalactam group, to carrot (Daucus carota L.) protoplasts. Leaf protoplasts were cultured in the presence of cefotaxime or carbenicillin applied in five concentrations in the range from 0.1 to 0.5 mg ml-1. Cell viability, division frequency, and regeneration capacity were assessed to determine the potential toxic effect of the antibiotics. Both antibiotics significantly reduced protoplast viability and their ability to divisions. Their toxic effect intensified linearly with increasing antibiotic concentrations in the culture medium. More pronounced negative effect exhibited carbenicillin, which was evident 24 h after protoplast isolation. It also lowered cell mitotic activity two- to ten-fold, as compared to the control. Despite different reaction of cells exposed to carbenicillin and cefotaxime, callus tissue and somatic embryos were successfully obtained and allowed efficient plant regeneration. The comparison of the obtained results indicates that cefotaxime used in concentrations up to 0.2 mg ml-1 can be recommended in carrot cell cultures to prevent microbial contamination.
12

The effect of the exogenous phenolic compound, caffeic acid on organogenesis of Galanthus elwesii Hook. cultured in vitro

88%
Bach A., Pawlowska B., Hura K.
Biotechnologia
|
2010
|
issue 2
139-145
EN
Caffeic acid is a simple phenolic compound, a phenylpropene derivative with two ?OH groups, which inhibits IAA oxidase and, therefore, is considered to be an auxin cofactor. The aim of the present experiments was to determine the effect of exogenous caffeic acid (100-500 mg dm-3 in medium) on the organogenesis in giant snowdrop (Galanthus elwesii) in in vitro cultures. Exogenous caffeic acid at the supra optimal concentration (500 mg dm-3) inhibited shoots, leaves and roots formation, as well as reduced bulbs fresh mass and caused the explants growing. The lower dose of caffeic acid inhibited the rhizogenesis process. The analysis of the content of phenolic compounds in tissues and organs of giant snowdrop showed that exogenous caffeic acid reduced total content of endogenic phenolic compounds in regenerants.
13

Early stages of embryogenesis after fertilization in vitro condition

88%
Dziedzic E., Lech W., Malodobry M.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 2
54-56
EN
Ovules of plum cultivars (Sweet Common Prune, Herman, Gilbert, Sanctus Hubertus, Cacanska Rodna, Cacanska Najbolia) were pollinated with pollen of cv. Stanley on the White?a medium with addition of 15% sucrose. The nucelluses excised from the fertilized ovules were cultivated on Norstog medium with addition of 3,4% sucrose. The process of fertilization after pollination in the in vitro condition was proved on the basis of the paraffin cross?sections: the degeneration of synergid after entering the pollen tube, the fertilization of egg cell were confirmed. The microscopic observations showed the swelling of micropylar part of nucellus. The paraffin cross-sections showed a many-layer kalotka (peculiar morphological structure) and swelled cells of nucellus among which the embryo sac was observed. The presence of embryo without endosperm or the presence of endosperm without embryo in the embryo sac was noted.
14

Formation of adventitious bulblets in vitro on scale explants in Hippeastrum x chmielii Chm.

88%
Witomska M., Ilczuk A.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 2
199-205
EN
Trials on micropropagation of a new interspecific hybrid Hippeastrum x chmielii are being carried out in the Department of Ornamental Plants at the Warsaw Agricultural University. In 2002-2003, an effect of BA on bulblet differentiation from explants of different size was tested. Initial material consisted of bulblets (5-6 mm of diameter, mean fresh weight 0,164 g) produced in vitro on MS medium without growth regulators. The bulblets were cut into halves or quarters along the main axis and placed polarly or apolarly on MS medium without growth regulators or with BA 1, 2, 4 or 8 mg?dm-3. Regeneration proceeded at 24oC under white, fluorescent light (24 mumol?m-2?s-1) for 16 hours and 8 hours of darkness. On the explants with basal part in the medium, the cytokinin limited a number of bulblets regenerated on both types of explants. The bulbs cut into quarters formed more bulblets than those cut in halves. When the explants were placed apicaly, the numbers of regenerated bulblets were similar in all the treatments. Fresh weight of bulblets regenerated on smaller explants (1/4 of a bulb) was higher when explants were placed polarly. Polarity did not affect the weight of bulblets produced on larger explants.
15
Content available remote

Cholinergic/GABAergic interaction in the production of EEG theta oscillations in rat hippocampal formation in vitro

88%
Golebiewski H., Eckersdorf B., Konopacki J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1996
|
vol. 56
|
issue 1
147-153
EN
The generation of EEG theta rhythm (RSA) in the hippocampal formation is a prime example of rhythmic activity involving central mechanisms of oscillation and synchrony. Cholinergic nature of the in vitro and the in vivo induced RSA has been undoubtedly established. Recently, we have demonstrated in vitro that the hippocampal formation theta rhythm resulted from interaction between the cholinergic and GABAergic systems. In the present study we have provided additional in vitro evidence that the hippocampal GABA-A receptors are actively involved in the mechanism of theta production. Specifically, we demonstrated that bicuculline - GABA-A antagonist significantly augmented carbachol induced theta response increasing amplitude and power of rhythmical slow waves. In separate experiments the carbachol+bicuculline induced RSA were studied in the presence of muscarinic M1 and M2 antagonists - pirenzepine and gallamine (respectively) and GABA-A agonist - muscimol. Both pirenzepine and muscimol antagonized induced theta oscillations and gallamine was found to be completely ineffective in blocking this EEG response. The results provided evidence for M1 cholinergic/GABA-Aergic interaction in mechanisms responsible for theta production.
16

Microspore culture of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in conjunction with other in vitro technologies

75%
Cegielska-Taras T., Szala L., Bartkowiak-Broda I.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 1
81-86
EN
Microspore culture in conjuction with other technologies such as selection, mutagenesis and transformation has been used for the production of novel genotypes of Brassica napus L. for crop improvement. The example of in vitro selection of microspore - derived embryos includes: a) ploidy level, b) seed oil composition (for example: high level of erucic acid), c) genotypes with restorer gene for CMS-ogura system (by means of isozyme marker PGI-2 ), d) herbicide resistant forms. Efficiency of microspore mutagnesis has been tested by the treatment of freshly isolated microspores with UV and MNU. Direct delivery of foreign gene to the microspores (microprojectile bombardment) combined with the use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to microspore derived embryos seems to be a promising way of oilseed rape transformation.
17

Influence of cysteine on mechlorethamine-induced chromosomal aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes

75%
Blaszczyk A.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
1995
|
vol. 36
|
issue 4
389-393
EN
The aim of the present paper was to find out by in vitro chromosomal aberration test using human lumphocytes whether cysteine has anticlastogenic properties towards a well-known mutagen - mechlorethamine.The lymphocytes tested were obtained rom three healthy donors.Two doses of cysteine and three doses of mechlorethamine were tested.It was found that cysteine had anticlastogenic properites and that it reduced the number of mrthaphase with chromosomal aberrations induced by mechlorethamine.
18
Content available remote

FK506 attenuates 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium- and 3-nitropropionic acid-evoked inhibition of kynurenic acid synthesis in rat cortical slices

75%
Luchowska E., Luchowski P., Wielosz M., Turski W. A., Urbanska E. M.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2003
|
vol. 63
|
issue 2
101-108
EN
Kynurenic acid (KYNA), the only known endogenous glutamate antagonist, is produced in the brain by kynurenine aminotransferases (KATs) I and II. Mitochondrial toxins, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA), were previously shown to reduce KYNA synthesis via interference with KAT I and II. Data presented here demonstrate that immunophilin ligand, FK506 (10-130 muM), but not CsA (1-50 muM), or ryanodine receptor blocker, dantrolene (1-100 muM), enhances the formation of KYNA in cortical slices. FK506, but not CsA or dantrolene, abolished the inhibition of KYNA synthesis evoked by MPP+ and 3-NPA. None of studied compounds influenced the activity of KAT I and KAT II. FK506 is the first among currently used drugs that might stimulate KYNA synthesis. This effect does not seem to arise from the interference with KATs or calcineurin activity.
19
Content available remote

In vitro pituitary prolactin, growth hormone and follicle stimulating hormone secretion during sexual maturation of female rats primed with melatonin

75%
Diaz_ R. E., Fernandez_ A. C., Castrillon P. O., Esquifino_ P. A. I., Diaz_ L. B.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2001
|
vol. 61
|
issue 1
27-33
EN
The influence of in vivo melatonin administration on in vitro pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), growth hormone (GH) and prolactin secretion, as well as the possible influence of dopamine (DA) were evaluated in prepubertal (31-day-old), pubertal (33-day-old) and adult female rats at diestrus phase of the sexual cycle. The in vitro pituitary hormone secretions were evaluated at basal rate for the first hour of incubation only, in Krebs Ringer phosphate (KRP) (I1) and after a second hour of incubation with KRP (I2) or with KRP+DA (I2 plus DA). I1PRL secretion was significantly higher in 33-day-old control and melatonin treated (MEL) rats as compared to I2 periods. However, in 31-day-old rats I1 secretion was higher than in the I2 or I2+DA periods, in MEL rats. In vitro GH secretion was significantly higher at I1 than during I2 periods in the control 31- and 33-day-old groups, but not in MEL rats. The only significant effect of DA was the elevation of GH in prepubertal MEL rats. In vitro FSH release was increased by melatonin in 31-and 33-day-old female rats. No differences in PRL, GH and FSH secretion were found in adult rats. In conclusion, the results show that melatonin effects upon in vitro pituitary gland activity are reproductive-stage-dependent modifying the secretory capacity of the lactotrop, gonadotrop and somatotrop during prepubertal and pubertal ages but not in adult rats studied at a quiescent phase of the sexual cycle.
20

The application of in vitro cattle embryo production system to study the influence of elevated temperature on oocyte maturation, fertilization and early embryonic development

75%
Rynkowska A., Rapa?a L., Trzeciak P., Duszewska A. M.
Biotechnologia
|
2011
|
issue 1
45-53
EN
Higher air temperature in summer causes a significant reduction in fertility in cattle. Increase in female body temperature during the period of reproduction by only 2EC, also known as hyperthermia, leads to disturbances in the functioning of the female reproductive system, oocytes maturation, fertilization and embryos development. Particularly sensitive to high temperatures are embryos in the first and second day after fertilization (thermosensitive), but just at third till fifth day after fertilization their resistance to thermal stress significantly increases. Morula-stage and blastocyst-stage bovine embryos are insensitive to elevated temperatures (thermoresistant). Most probably this is due to the increasing number of cells within the embryo and the capacity to activate defense mechanisms based on the synthesis of various factors providing resistance to high temperatures. These factors include heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), antioxidants such as glutathione, and IGF-1. One of the responses of the embryo to elevated temperature is the induction of apoptosis, which is associated with the activation of embryonic genome. Owing to the apoptosis, cells damaged by high temperature may be eliminated from the embryo, which increases their chance of survival. Precise examination of the mechanisms responsible for the development of thermotolerance of preimplantation bovine embryos will enable their protection from the consequences of elevated temperature. The aim of this review is to summarise experiments in which in vitro embryo production system was used to estimate the influence of elevated temperature on cattle fertility.
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