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1

Immunomodulatory effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

100%

Danesh F. R., Anel R. L., Zeng L., Lomasney L., Sahai A., Kanwar Y. S.

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

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2003

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vol. 51

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issue 3

139-148

EN

3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors or statins are competitive inhibitors of the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. Several clinical trials have shown a marked reduction in cholesterol levels associated with decreased cardiovascular mortality in patients treated with statins. However, more recent observations have suggested that the clinical benefits of statins may be, at least in part, independent of the effect of statins on cholesterol synthesis. These so-called pleiotropic or cholesterol-independent effects of statins could be the result of reduction in the formation of intermediaries in the mevalonate pathway as statins by inhibiting L-mevalonic acid synthesis also prevent the production of isoprenoids in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. Isoprenoids serve as important lipid attachments for the posttranslational modification of a variety of proteins such as small GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily implicated in intracellular signaling. The list of different pleitropic effects of statins is still growing and include among others direct effects of statins on modulating endothelial function, decreasing oxidative stress, and more recently anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions of statins. For instance, statins decrease T cell activation, the recruitment of inflammatory cells into atherosclerotic lesions, and inhibit IFN-gamma expression of MHCII on antigen-presenting cells. This review article summarizes the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of statins and thus provides a new rationale to use statins as a new class of immunosuppressive agents.

2

Immunomodulation of macrophages by pathogenic Yersinia species

100%

Ruckdeschel K.

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

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2002

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vol. 50

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issue 2

131-138

EN

The interaction between macrophages and bacterial pathogens plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Pathogenic species of the gram-negative bacterium Yersinia deploy complex strategies to disarm macrophages and to disrupt their response to infection. For this purpose, Yersinia spp. engage a type III protein secretion system that mediates polarized translocation of Yersinia virulence factors, the so-called Yops, into the host cell cytoplasm. There, the Yops act on different cellular levels to neutralize a sequence of programmed phagocyte effector functions. Yersiniae initially impair the phagocytic machinery and block the generation of the bactericidal oxidative burst. Furthermore, yersiniae uncouple an array of fine-tuned signals of innate immunity, which leads to suppression of the macrophage TNF- production and to macrophage apoptosis. The impairment of cellular functions results in a scenario, by which Yersinia efficiently resist the attack of the macrophage and finally kills the macrophage by activating its intrinsic cell suicide mechanism. This review highlights the aspects of Yersinia-macrophage interaction that determine the fate of the infected cell.

3

Immunoregulative properties of the histamine H2 receptor antagonists

100%

Wysocki P., Klucinski P.

Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej

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1993

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vol. 47

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issue 5

365-374

4

Enhancement of Pavlovian conditioned immunosuppression in rats

100%

Vogel E. H., Castro M. E., Solar P. A., Soto F. A.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2007

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vol. 67

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issue 1

71-81

EN

The goal of this study was to define conditions under which conditioned immunosuppression may be observed reliably. In three experiments, rats were exposed to a gustatory conditioned stimulus (CS) paired with cyclophosphamide (US), which induces immunosuppression and malaise. In Experiment 1, a single pairing of the CS with low, medium, or high doses of cyclophosphamide in separate groups produced no reliable conditioned immunosuppression even though conditioned taste aversion was observed in groups trained with high and medium doses of CY. Experiment 2 replicated the lack of effect following a single pairing of the CS with the medium dose of cyclophosphamide but demonstrated that three pairings are sufficient to induce conditioned immunosuppression. Experiment 3 demonstrated that significant immunosuppression is observable following a single CS?US pairing if the CS is presented in compound with a previously nonreinforced CS during training, an effect reminiscent of supernormal conditioning. These findings indicate that conditioned immunosuppression effects can be enhanced in magnitude through the use of certain procedural techniques.

5

Viral infections - prevention and therapy

100%

Figlerowicz M.

Biotechnologia

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2002

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issue 1

7-23

EN

Despite extensive biomedical studies conducted during over the last decades, viral infectious diseases remain one of the most serious world heath problems. At the moment, one can distinguish three major ways of their prevention or treatment: immunisation, chemotherapy and immunomodulation. This article presents a broad spectrum of both widely used and presently developed methods of fighting viral infections.

6

Lactoferrin and immunologic dissonance: clinical implications

100%

Kruzel M. L., Zimecki M.

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

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2002

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vol. 50

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issue 6

397-408

EN

Homeostasis is the maintenance of equilibrium in a biological system by means of positive and negative feedback control mechanisms that counteract influences tending toward physiological dissonance. At the molecular level, homeostasis is controlled by the network of the neuro-endocrine-immune system, in which lactoferrin plays a central role. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of a collaborative study established between the Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy (Wroclaw, Poland) and the University of Texas Health Science Center (Huston, USA) regarding lactoferrin and its role in homeostasis. In our studies we focused on the immunoregulatory functions of lactoferrin, both in vitro and in vivo. We investigated the immune status of individuals subjected to different insults, including experimental endotoxemia in mice and surgery in humans. We also studied a lactoferrin-dependent delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to evaluate some of the mechanisms by which lactoferrin can effectively substitute an adjuvant in vaccine.

7

Immunomodulatory effects of selected chemotherapeutics

88%

Golab J., Zagozdzon R.

Biotechnologia

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2001

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issue 3

78-85

EN

Chemotherapeutics are still regarded as a mainstay of antitumor strategies. A number of observations indicate that these agents might be used at low doses with the same or even better efficacy than the high-dose chemotherapy. The efficacy of the low-dose chemotherapy might be at least partly explained by the regulation of the antitumor immune response. These immunomodulatory effects might be further potentiated by combinations with selected biological response modifiers, such as recombinant cytokines (IL-2, TNF, IL-12). The effectiveness of such combinations has already proved encouraging in pre-clinical models.

8

Mesenchymal stromal cells: tissue engineers and immune response modulators

75%

van_ d. B. L. C. J., Figdor C. G., Torensma R.

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

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2008

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vol. 56

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issue 5

325-329

EN

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) show significant immune-suppressive properties both in vitro and in vivo. Based on their immune-stealth properties, allogeneic MSCs are used to treat several diseases, for example the injection of MSCs in infarcted heart tissue or their use in bone-cartilage regeneration. The most spectacular treatment was recently described. MSCs were able to down-regulate the severity of graft-versus-host disease, leading to an impressive 20 to 50% increase in the two-year survival of bone marrow transplantation patients. Here the current literature is reviewed to elucidate the different mechanisms involved in these two clinical treatment modalities of MSCs.

Refine search results

Immunomodulatory effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

Immunomodulation of macrophages by pathogenic Yersinia species

Immunoregulative properties of the histamine H2 receptor antagonists

Enhancement of Pavlovian conditioned immunosuppression in rats

Viral infections - prevention and therapy

Lactoferrin and immunologic dissonance: clinical implications

Immunomodulatory effects of selected chemotherapeutics

Mesenchymal stromal cells: tissue engineers and immune response modulators