Overviews of current vaccine development in respects to the idea of elaborate vaccines simple to handling and administer. The progress made recently in technologies concerning adjuvants, antigen formulation and vaccine delivery systems has been summarized. Special attention has been focused on mucosal way of vaccine application and orally induced immunity as well newest achievements in the technology using plant as vaccine carriers.
Despite extensive biomedical studies conducted during over the last decades, viral infectious diseases remain one of the most serious world heath problems. At the moment, one can distinguish three major ways of their prevention or treatment: immunisation, chemotherapy and immunomodulation. This article presents a broad spectrum of both widely used and presently developed methods of fighting viral infections.
Monoclonal antibodies against isoprenoid compounds were obtained by in vivo immunization of Balb/c mice with UQ-10 (ubiquinone-10) incorporated into cholesterol rich particles containing metylated bovine serum albumin (CRP-MBSA) in order to induce a strong immune response. The specificity of antibodies was evaluated by a modified dot-blot technique using Hybond-N+ membrane (Amersham). Selected antibodies III-5 (IgG3), IV-3 (IgG2b) and VII-11 (IgM) were capable of recognizing different isoprenoid compounds: ubiquinone, plastoquinone, solanesol, dolichol, -sistosterol but did not react with phospholipids, triacylglycerols or fatty acids. These antibodies may be used in immunoblotting for identifying isoprenoids (e.g. ubiquinone) in partially purified plant extracts after TLC chromatography on plastic RP-18 plates (Merck). Immunodetection of isoprenoids was performed using secondary goat anti-mice immunoglobin antibodies conjugated with biotin, extravidine-AP and BCIP/NBT as substrate