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1

Mechanisms of immunosuppressive activity of immunoglobulins

100%
Miller A., Jedrzejczak W. W.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2000
|
vol. 54
|
issue 4
423-444
EN
The article reviews the evidence supporting and explaining suppressive activity of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparations towards human immune system. Besides basic mechanisms also clinical applications and effects in various autoimmune disorders such as idiopathic thrombocytopenia, Guillain-Barre syndrom and others are described. This evidence supports novel application of IVIG as convenient alternative to other immunosuppressive therapies with many more adverse effects.
2

Extracellular matrix proteins and immune system

100%
Rozalska B.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
1994
|
vol. 48
|
issue 5
521-542
EN
The major proteins from plasma and extracellular matrices (ECM) are described.The interaction of lymphoid cells with their microenvironment is critical for their growth and function.The interaction with ECM may play a significant role in defining the biological properties of many cells.ECM from a notework of bioactive proteins, that is being linked with an increasing number of processes, including antigen-independent activation, proliferation, homing and cell migration.Some aspects of the participation of the extracellular matrix in the language of intracellular communication is discussed.
3

Cooperation of the immune and nervous systems

100%
Zablocka A.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2001
|
vol. 55
|
issue 1
3-15
EN
There is much more evidence suggesting very close cooperation between nervous and immune systems. This cooperation is regulated by soluble factors released by the cells of both systems: cytokines and neuropeptides. Classical neuropeptides can be released by cells of the immune system, whereas a variety of cytokines produced by cells of the immune system are synthesized and released by nervous tissue and endocrine glands too. Specific receptors for these moleculary different families of soluble factors are present on both the immune and nervous systems cells.
4

The role of hepatocyte growth factor/c-met interactions in the immune system (p. )

80%
Skibinski G.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2003
|
vol. 51
|
issue 5
277-282
EN
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic cytokine with mitogenic, motogenic and morphogenic activity for mainly epithelial and endothelial target cells. All the different effects of HGF are mediated through its specific receptor met, a heterodimeric transmembrane tyrosine kinase. The broad activity of HGF and its impact on many physiologic and pathologic processes are reflected by met expression in a variety of organs and cell types. This paper discusses expression of HGF and c-met within the immune system and their interactions in the control of immune cell functions.
5

Role of antigen-presenting cells in innate immune system

80%
Ohteki T., Koyasu S.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2001
|
vol. 49
|
issue 1 suppl.
47-52
EN
Activation of antigen-presenting cells (APC) and natural killer (NK) cells initiates the production of various proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 12 (IL-12), interferon gamma (IFN-) and nitric oxide (NO), which are important in the innate immune response for controlling infection by intracellular pathogens. In this review, we focus on these cytokines produced by APC and summarize the current understanding of how APC functions are regulated by cytokines in innate immunity.
6

Two receptor theory in innate activation: studies on the receptors for bacillus Culmet guillen-cell wall skeleton (BCG-CWS)

80%
Seya T., Matsumoto M., Tsuji S., Begum N. A., Nomura M., Azuma I., Hayashi A., Toyoshima K.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2001
|
vol. 49
|
issue 1 suppl.
13-22
EN
Activation of the innate immune system is a prerequisite for the maturation of dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages (M?) followed by clonal expansion of the lymphocytes, targeting cells expressing 'non-self' angitens. Microbes usually have a component competent to active DC/M? for antigens presentation. This component has been colled adjuvant, but recently renamed pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) or modulin based on its molecular identification. Here, we propose the hypothesis that DC/M? express two sorts of receptors for PAMP, whose signaling pathways lead to a sufficient antigen (Ag)-presenting state. In bacterial infection, a Toll-like receptor (TLR) and an uptake receptor participate in DC maturation and M? activation. Likewise, with a number of viruses, two of the receptors with short consensus repeats (SCR), immunoglobulin-like domains or chemokine receptor-like motifs etc. induce functional modulation of DC/M?. In immune therapy for cancer, primary activation of the innate system would be essential for tumor Ag-specific T cell augmentation. Cancer cells express tumor-associated Ag but barely co-express PAMP, which situation does not allow for the activation of innate immune responses. Supplementing tumor-associated Ag with PAMP may be an effective therapy for patients with cancer. Here, we discuss the possibility of an innate immune therapy for cancer with references to bacillus Culmet guillen cell-wall skeleton (GCG-CWS).
7

The role of cGMP in cells of the immune system

80%
Kobialka M., Gorczyca W. A.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2001
|
vol. 55
|
issue 2
195-210
EN
Cyclic GMP is a key messenger molecule in several cellular processes. It is also an important modulator of immune response. In this paper we summarize current data concerning regulatory and modulatory function of cGMP in the cells of immune system. Metabolism of the nucletide as well as its role in processes such as cell proliferation, differentation, chemotaxis and release of mediators are described. The fields of future research are indicated as well.
8

Immunomodulatory role of the corticotropin releasing factor

70%
Radulovic M., Spiess J.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2001
|
vol. 49
|
issue 1
33-38
EN
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) was originally identified as a hypothalamic peptide which stimulates secretion of the hypophyseal adrenocorticotropic hormone. CRF exhibits its actions through G protein-dependent seven-membrane-domain receptors. Two subtypes of CRF receptors (CRFR1 and CRFR2) have been characterized thus far. CRF and its receptors were found in a number of brain regions, where they function by neuromodulation, and also in several peripheral organs. Besides CRF, another naturally occurring CRF-like peptide, urocortin, has been characterized. In the immune system, CRF and CRFR1 have so far been detected at both mRNA and protein lelvels in several lymphoid organs and at sites of inflammation. Locally injected CRF was shown to modulate the severity of inflammation. This effect was not only a result of hemodynamic changes known to be induced by CRF or by activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis, as CRF-binding sites were also found on immune cells. CRF was shown to directly modulate secretion of cytokines and neuropeptides, proliferation, chemotaxis and degranulation of purified macrophage and lymphocyte populations in vitro . The presence of functional CRFR was more recently demonstrated also on polymorphonuclear cells and significant amounts of CRF were shown to be produced in lymphoid organs, or delivered to lymphoid organs by peripheral nerves. Taken together, the experimental results obtained so far strongly point to the importance of CRF as a signaling molecule in lymphoid tissues and at the sites of inflammation.
9

The distinctive role of small heat shock proteins in oncogenesis

61%
Laudanski K., Wyczechowska D.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2006
|
vol. 54
|
issue 2
103-111
EN
Recently, the role of small heat shock proteins (HSPs) has been widely recognized in cancer research. Small HSPs are tumor-protective via numerous, independent mechanisms such as: oxidative stress protection preventing protein denaturation, anti-apoptotic activity, and likely direct suppression of the immune system. However, it is unclear whether they play any role in the initial steps in carcinogenesis. This article seeks to familiarize the reader with general characteristics of small HSPs (especially HSP-27, A/B-crystallins), tissue distribution with special regard on their expression in malignant specimens, and biological properties of intracellular HSP-27 and A/B-crystallins promoting tumor genesis and growth. A separate chapter describes immunomodulatory characteristics of extracellular HSP-27 with special emphasis on their plausible effect on the neoplasm development.
10

Suppressors of cytokine signaling proteins in innate and adaptive immune responses

61%
Dalpke A., Heeg K.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2003
|
vol. 51
|
issue 2
91-103
EN
Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins have been identified as important mediators of negative regulatory circuits within cytokine receptor signaling. They are induced upon stimulation by an increasing set of cytokines as well as further immunological stimuli and are capable to inhibit Janus-kinases and signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling. Inhibition is mediated by interfering directly with signal transduction at the receptor as well as targeting of associated molecules for proteosomal degradation. Targeted gene deletion approaches have revealed the importance of SOCS mediated termination of cytokine signaling during normal cellular activation. In addition to their function as classical feedback inhibitors SOCS proteins display a broad panel of inhibitory activity thereby mediating cross-talk modulation between different stimuli. The consequences for regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses are thus obvious. Finally, there are emerging data showing involvement of SOCS proteins in various immune diseases. Modulating SOCS activity could be a promising new approach for molecular therapeutic strategies.
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