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Peripheral regulatory T cells and anti-inflammatory cytokines in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

100%
Sznurkowska K., Boćkowska M., Zieliński M., Plata-Nazar K., Trzonkowski P., Liberek A., Kamińska B., Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz A.
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EN
Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic, heterogenous inflammatory disease of unclear pathogenesis. JIA is hypothesized to be linked to a defective immune regulation. Anti-inflammatory cytokines belong to the best known regulatory factors. T-regulatory cells are a crucial cellular component of immune tolerance. One of their functions is synthesis of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1). The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of T-regulatory cells (CD4+CD25highFOXP3+) in peripheral blood, and serum levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 in patients with JIA. Methods: The study included 25 patients with newly diagnosed JIA: oligoarthritis (n=17) and polyarthritis (n=8). The control group was comprised of 17 healthy children. CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ T cells in peripheral blood were quantified by means of three-color flow cytometry. Serum concentrations of TGF-β1 and IL-10 were estimated with ELISA. Results: The proportion of peripheral CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ cells in patients with JIA was significantly higher than in the controls (p=0.04). The two groups did not differ significantly in terms of their TGF-β1 and IL-10 concentrations. Conclusions: At the time of diagnosis, children with JIA presented with an elevated proportion of T-regulatory cells (CD4+CD25highFOXP3+) in peripheral blood. Anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-β1, are not upregulated in the serum of patients with JIA, and therefore should not be considered as biomarkers of this condition.
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TGF-β1, IL-10 and IL-4 in colostrum of allergic and nonallergic mothers

88%
Marek A., Zagierski M., Liberek A., Aleksandrowicz E., Korzon M., Krzykowski G., Kamińska B., Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz A.
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issue 3
411-414
EN
Objective: To determine transforming growth factor (TGF) β1, interleukin (IL) 4, and IL-10 concentrations in human milk and to assess the relationship between allergic disorders in mothers and the content of the interleukins in their milk. Material and methods: Thirty allergic and 46 healthy mothers were included in the study. Colostrum was collected 2-3 days after delivery. Cytokine concentrations were determined with commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent systems. Results: TGF-β1was found in milk from 23 women in the control group (53.49%) and 11 in the allergy group (37.93%). When TGF-β1 was present, the median concentration was higher in the allergy group than in the control (61.5 and 30.4 pg/mL, respectively; P < 0.004). IL-10 was present in the colostrum of all the women and the median IL-10 concentration did not differ between the allergy (50.5 pg/mL) and control (51.5 pg/mL) groups. The probability of occurrence of a positive IL-4 value in the allergy group was greater than in the control group (chi-squared [df=1] = 2.60, P < 0.053). Median IL-4 level did not differ significantly between the two groups (0.5 and 0.5 pg/mL respectively). Conclusions: TGF-β1 was detected less often in the colostrum of allergic mothers than in that of mothers without allergy (but the difference was not statistically significant). IL-4 was found more often in the colostrum of allergic mothers than nonallergic ones. The allergy status did not correlate with IL-10 concentration.
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The balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the immune responses to BCG and DTwP vaccines

75%
Druszczynska M., Kowalewicz-Kulbat M., Maszewska A., Rudnicka K., Szpakowski P., Wawrocki S., Wlodarczyk M., Rudnicka W.
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2015
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vol. 62
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issue 4
913-921
EN
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and pertussis vaccines have been found to be insufficient and their further improvement is required. In order to develop improved vaccines, a better understanding of the main pathways involved in the host's protective immunity to the pathogens is crucial. We address the question as to whether the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production might affect the host responses to BCG and diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-whole cell pertussis (DTwP) vaccines. The study population consisted of 118 healthy people, age range 18-30 years, who had been subjected to BCG and DTwP vaccination according to the state policy. Tuberculin skin testing (TST) revealed a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to PPD (purified protein derivative) in 53% volunteers. The variability in development of the BCG-driven DTH to tuberculin prompted us to address a question as to whether Th1/Th2 polarization is involved in the lack of skin responsiveness to PPD. PPD-stimulated blood lymphocytes from TST+ participants produced significantly more IFN-γ and less IL-10 than lymphocytes from TST- volunteers. However, TST- volunteers' sera contained more anti-pertussis IgG but not anti-diphtheria toxin IgG. Mycobacterial antigens and particularly PPD induced a higher expression of HLA-DR and co-stimulatory CD80 receptors on DCs from TST+ than TST- participants. BCG but not PPD pulsed DCs from TST- volunteers produced significantly more IL-10. Mycobacterial antigen stimulated DCs from TST+ volunteers induced a more intense IFN-γ production in co-cultures with autologous lymphocytes than the cells from TST- participants. Differences among the types of dendritic cell activities contribute to development of tuberculin reactivity in BCG vaccinated volunteers.
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