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1

Holocentric chromosomes of Psocids (Insecta, Psocoptera) analysed by C-banding, silver impregnation and sequence specific fluorochromes CMA3 and DAPI

100%
Golub N. V., Nokkala S., Kuznetsova V. G.
Folia Biologica
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2004
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vol. 52
|
issue 3-4
143-149
EN
The pattern of nucleolus attachment and C-heterochromatin distribution and molecular composition in the karyotypes of psocid species Psococerastis gibbosa (2n = 16+X), Blaste conspurcata (2n = 16+X) and Amphipsocus japonicus (2n = 14+neo-XY) were studied by C-banding, silver impregnation and sequence specific fluorochromes CMA3 and DAPI. Every species was found to have a single nucleolus in male meiosis. In P. gibbosa the nucleolus is attached to an autosomal bivalent; in B. conspurcata to the X-chromosome; in A. japonicus to the neo-XY bivalent. The species show a rather small amount of constitutive heterochromatin, C-blocks demonstrating telomeric localization with rare exceptions. P. gibbosa is characterized by a polymorphism for C-blocks occurrence and distribution. In the autosomes of this species, C-heterochromatin consists of AT-rich DNA except for the nucleolus organizing region, which is also GC-rich; the X-chromosome shows both AT- and GC-rich clusters. In A. japonicus and B. conspurcata, C-heterochromatin of the autosomes and sex chromosomes consists of both GC-rich and AT-rich DNA clusters, which are largely co-localized.
2

Constitutive heterochromatin in karyotypes of two Cicadidae species from Japan (Cicadoidea, Hemiptera)

100%
Perepelov E., Bugrov A. G., Maryanska-Nadachowska A.
Folia Biologica
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2002
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vol. 50
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issue 3-4
217-219
EN
Karyotypes of males of cicadas Tibicen bihamatus (Motschulski) and Platypleura kuroiwae Matsumura were studied using C-banding technique. In Tibicen bihamatus two types of C-band distribution were observed. Two chromosome pairs have C-bands at one of the chromosome ends, while in the other, including the sex chromosome, C-heterochromatin blocks occurred at both ends. Platypleura kuroiwae has a smaller amount of C-heterochromatin located as small subterminal blocks. The intercalar C-bands were seen in the early spermatogonial metaphase chromosomes.
3

Homologous chromosomes characteristics by sequential banding procedures in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

100%
Ocalewicz K., Jakun M., Luczynski M.
Folia Biologica
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2002
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vol. 51
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issue 1-2
41-46
EN
The development of high resolution methods of chromosome banding helped the finding of homologous chromosomes, detecting chromosomal abnormalities, and assigning the gene loci to particular chromosomes in mammals. Unfortunately, small and numerous fish chromosomes do not show GC rich and GC poor compartments, this preventing the establishment of G banding pattern. The combination of techniques enabling the identification of constitutive heterochromatin (C-banding), heterochromatin resistant to restriction endonucleas, NOR bearing chromosomes (AgNO3 banding), or AT rich regions on chromosomes (DAPI banding) in sequential staining provides a better characteristic of fish chromosomes. In this work sequentially DAPI, Dde I, AgNO3 stained chromosomes of rainbow trout resulted in the characteristic banding pattern of some homologous chromosomes. Procedure of FISH with telomere probe and DAPI as a counterstaining fluorochrome visualized simultaneous hybridization signals and DAPI banding. Possibility of detection both FISH and DAPI signals can help in procedures of gene mapping on chromosomes.
4

Banding chromosome pattern of two species of pimelodus(Siluriformes, Pimelodidae) from the Parana River basin of Brazil

100%
de_ S. L., Giuliano-Caetano L., Dias A. N.
Folia Biologica
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2004
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vol. 52
|
issue 3-4
165-169
EN
Cytogenetic studies were carried out on seven specimens of Pimelodus heraldoi and sixteen specimens of Pimelodus sp., both from the Parana River basin. The two species had the same diploid number of 56 chromosomes: P. heraldoi with 22M+22SM+6ST+6A and FN of 106 and Pimelodus sp. with 24M+26SM+4ST+2A and FN of 110. NORs were found at the terminal position of the long arm of one pair of ST chromosomes. C-banding (CB) showed in the two species heterochromatin distributed in various chromosomes of the complement, mainly in telomeric regions and in a pair of metacentric chromosomes with strong heterochromatic staining in both telomeres. Treatment only with the fluorochrome CMA3 confirmed in Pimelodus heraldoi and Pimelodus sp. the nucleolar chromosome pair and showed other fluorescent bands. Combined treatment with CB+CMA3 enhanced fluorescent staining of chromosomes in the two fish species evidencing several bands, including in P. heraldoi a chromosome pair showing fluorescent staining in both telomeres.
5

Chromosome study of Lithobius forficatus (Lithobiomorpha, Chilopoda)

100%
Woznicki P., Wytwer J., Kulesza M.
Folia Biologica
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2003
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vol. 51
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issue 3-4
147-150
EN
The diploid number 2n= 46 and the chromosome arm number NF = 74 are described in Lithobius forficatus from Olsztyn (Poland). Analyses of silver and CMA3 ? stained mitotic chromosomes suggest that a single chromosome pair has active NORs which correspond to G-C-rich (CMA3-positive) chromatin. Heteromorphism of the largest metacentric chromosome pair was observed. The sex chromosomes were not identified. Size polymorphism of the first chromosome pair was found.
6

Standard and C-banded meiotic karyotypes of Psylloidea (Sternorrhyncha, Homoptera, Insecta)

100%
Maryanska-Nadachowska A., Kuznetsova V., Nokkala S.
Folia Biologica
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2001
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vol. 49
|
issue 1-2
53-62
EN
Meiotic karyotypes were studied in males of Craspedolepta sonchi (Foerster, 1848), Diaphorina chobauti Puton, 1898, D. lamproptera Burckhardt, 1981, Psylla hartigii Flor, 1861, Cacopsylla palmeni (Loew, 1878), C. hippophaes (Foerster, 1848), C. melanoneura (Foerster, 1868), C. pyricola (Foerster 1848), C. moscovita (Andrianova, 1848), Bactericera salicivora (Reuter, 1876), Trioza abdominalis Flor, 1861, T. lauri = Lauritrioza alacris (Flor, 1861). Karyotypes were 2n = 25 (24 + XO) in all species except B. salicivora with 2n = 26 (24 + neo-XY). Testes consisted of two follicles each in all species but P. hartigii with four-follicular testes in males. The discussion covers the problems of chromosome numbers, sex-determining chromosome systems, B-chromosomes, patterns of C- banding, testis structure, and spermatid development in Psylloidea.
7

The karyotypes of two bark-lice species (Psocoptera, Psocomorpha, Amphipsocidae): the first description of the neo-XY sex chromosome system in Psocoptera

100%
Golub N. V., Nokkala S.
Folia Biologica
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2001
|
vol. 49
|
issue 3-4
153-156
EN
Karyotypes of two bark-lice species Amphipsocus japonicus End. and Dasypsocus japonicus End. (Amphipsocidae, Psocomorpha, Psocoptera) were studied for the first time. D. japonicus displayed 2n=16 (14+XX/X0). The XX/X0 sex chromosome system observed in this species is characteristic of the order Psocoptera. A. japonicus showed 2n=16 (14+neo-XY). This is the first observation of the neo-XY sex determination system in Psocoptera. In this species a large amount of constitutive heterochromatin was found in the original X-part of the neo-X chromosome.
8

B chromosomes in two fish species genus Rhamdia (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae)

100%
Fenocchio A. S., Bertolo L. A. C., Takahashi C. S., Camacho J. P. M.
Folia Biologica
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2000
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vol. 48
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issue 3-4
105-109
EN
Specimens belonging to two fish species genus Rhamdia were cytogenetically analysed from seven localities in Brazil and Argentina. In addition to the 58 chromosomes of the basic karyotype, one to five metacentric B chromosomes were observed carrying conspicuous heterochromatic blocks on the distal regions of both chromosome arms. These B chromosomes are mitotically stable and, in the two best-sampled populations in R. hilarii (Lobo and 29 reservoirs), they showed frequency distributions fitting a binomial distribution, though Bs were more frequent in the latter. The presence of B chromosomes with the same appearance in R. quelen suggests an ancient origin for these B chromosomes, presumably prior to speciation from a common ancestor.
9

C-banded karyotypes of some dragonfly species from Russia.

88%
Perepelov E. A., Bugrov A. G., Warchalowska-Sliwa E.
Folia Biologica
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1998
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vol. 46
137-142
EN
The C-stained karyotypes of Calopteryx splendens (Harris, 1782) (2n%=25, X0, m), Aeschna viridis Eversmann, 1836 (2n%=26, neo-XY, m), Ophiogomphus cecilia (Fourcroy, 1785) (2n%=23, X0), Cordulia aenea (Linnaeus, 1758) (2n%=25, X0), Libellula depressa Linnaeus, 1758 (2n%=25, X0, m), Libellula quadrimaculata Linnaeus, 1758 (2n%=25, X0, m), Orthetrum albistylum Selys, 1848 (2n%=25, X0, m), Orthetrum brunneum (Fonscolombe, 1837) (2n%=25, X0, m) and Sympetrum pedemontanum (Allioni, 1766) (2n%=25, X0, m) from Siberia and the Northern Caucasus have been analysed. All the studied species possess C-bands at both the ends of autosomes, all Libellulinae have an intercalar C-block at largest autosome. C. aenea has the subterminal blocks near the terminal ones. The X is heterochromatic for its entire length in vast majority of species, the original X-part of the neo-XY chromosome in Ae. viridis is also entirely heterochromatic. L. depressa and C. splendens possess the euchromatic X with large terminal C-blocks.
10

Chromosome evolution in the genus Poecilimon (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Phanero- pteridae)

88%
Warchalowska-Sliwa E., Heller K. G., Maryanska-Nadachowska A., Lehmann A.
Folia Biologica
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2000
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vol. 48
|
issue 3-4
127-136
EN
Cytotaxonomic analysis of 20 species and subspecies of the genus Poecilimon using C-banding pattern, chiasma frequency, and morphometric characteristics of the chromosomes were described. Using a cladistic analysis the chromosome data provided a basis to produce a phylogenetic tree which was compared with a tree based on morphological characters and DNA sequence data. There are importent differences in the grouping of data sets to species obtained on the basis of morphology/DNA analyses and that based on chromosomes. The explanation of the differences between C-banding patterns and taxonomic proximity is probably that the C-banding pattern changes quickly as the result of the high degree of variation of constitutive heterochromatin.
11

Some aspects of karyotype of Liarina (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Agraeciini) from Vietnam

63%
Warchalowska-Sliwa E., Gorochov A. V., Gorochov A. V.
Folia Biologica
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2000
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vol. 48
|
issue 3-4
119-125
EN
Karyotypes (chromosome number and shape) of four species of the subtribe Liarina were studied. The chromosome numbers and NF (Fundamental Number) in this group of species range from 2n%=33 (34) to 27(30): Liaromorpha buonluoiensis 2n%=33 (34), Sialaiana transiens 2n%=29 (34), Liara tramlapensis 2n%=29 (32), and Anelytra (Perianelytra) propria 2n%=27 (30). Cyto-taxonomy analysis indicates an intensive karyotype evolution among species belonging to three different groups of the genera. Differences of karyotypes are connected with Robertsonian fusion and tandem fusion in autosomes. Additionally, C-banding distribution and location of the NORs were studied.
12

Systematics and karyology of the section Phleum in the genus Phleum

63%
Joachimiak A., Kula A.
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vol. 38
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issue 4
463-470
EN
The article presents a concise history of systematic studies on taxa included in the section Phleum of the genus Phleum. The authors discuss the results of cytotaxonomic studies within the section which have been conducted so far and their importance for studies of phylogeny of particular species. It is suggested that the section should be divided into five species on the basis of karyosystematic criteria considering the karyotype structure as well as localization of heterochromatin in the genome. The question of origin of two polyploid species (P. commutatum Gaud. and P. pratense L.) is also discussed.
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