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Food, Mechanic and Septic Complications in Patients Enterally Nutritioned in Home Conditions

100%
Kalita M., Majewska K., Gradowska A., Karwowska K., Ławiński M.
Polish Journal of Surgery
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2015
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vol. 86
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issue 10
466-472
EN
Home enteral nutrition (HEN for short) allows practically normal living for patients who cannot be fed orally but at the same time do not have to stay in hospitals, which is often found to decrease their mental condition, increase of probability of complications and costs of medical treatment. The aim of the study was to analyze the frequency of nutritional, mechanical and septic complications in patients fed enterally in home conditions. Material and methods. The study performed using retrospective analysis of study results and reports from control visits for patients in the period between 2012-2013. 147 patients fed enterally using HEN method participated in the study, including 70 men and 77 women aged 19 to 99 years (average 65 years). The following type of gastrointestinal tract access was used for patients: PEG in 113 (76.5%), feeding jejunostomy - 21 (1.4%), PEG-PEJ - 5 (3.5%), in case of the remaining 8 patients the nasogastric gavage (5.5%) was used. Results. The most common complication were infections (of gastric tract, skin soft tissue in the region of nutritional fistula entry, in three cases the aspiration pneumonia was diagnosed) found in 55 (49.1%) of cases. Mechanical complications were found out in 29 (25.9% of all complications), nutritional complications were present 28 times, which constituted 25% of all complications. Conclusions. In the studied group of patients with an implemented HEN procedure, septic complications were the most common problem. The longest average nutrition time with PEG-PEJ probably results from the effective protection of the patient against aspiration pneumonia.
2

Serotonin content in the wall of preovulatory and postovulatory follicles of the domestic hen

100%
Paczoska-Eliasiewicz H., Rzasa J.
Folia Biologica
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1995
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vol. 43
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issue 1-2
75-79
EN
Serotonin (5-HT) level in the 4 largest preovulatory (F4-F1) and 2 postovulatory follicles (POF1-POF2) was determined spectrofluorometrically.During the final, most rapid phase of follicular development, 5-HT content in the preovulatory follicles wall increase gradually, reaching the highest level 0.5 before ovulation.After ovulation 5-HT content in postovulatory follicles rapidly decreased.The results suggest that 5-HT is involved in ovarian functions like folicular development and ovulaton in the domestic hen.
3

Simultaneous determination of plasma ovarian and thyroid hormones during sexual maturation of the hen (Gallus domesticus)

100%
Sechman A., Rzasa J., Paczoska-Eliasiewicz H., Hrabia A.
Folia Biologica
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2000
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vol. 48
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issue 1-2
7-12
EN
The concentrations of ovarian steroids (estradiol ? E2, progesterone ? P4 and testosterone ? T) and thyroid hormones (thyroxine ? T4 and triiodothyronine ? T3) were determined in blood plasma of the domestic hen during sexual maturation and the initial period of egg lay. Blood samples were collected from Hy-Line pullets at 3 day intervals from days 87 to 144 day of life, i.e. 42 days before and 14 days after the onset of egg lay (OEL). Ovarian and thyroid hormones were measured by RIA methods. During sexual maturation an increase in ovarian steroids in the blood plasma was observed. The maximum E2 and P4 levels were recorded on day 6 and day 3 prior to OEL, respectively. In the case of plasma T level, an increase from 42 to 18 days before OEL followed by a decrease and a renewed increase from day 9 till OEL was observed. The relatively unchanged plasma level of T4 until day 9 before OEL decreased significantly just before the first oviposition while the T3 level gradually decreased between day 42 and day 9 before OEL, and then increased and again decreased from day 3 before till day 3 after OEL. During sexual maturation the following statistically significant coefficients of correlation between ovarian steroids and T3 were found: E2 vs. T3 ? r = -0.551 and P4 vs. T3 ? r = -0.373. There was no significant correlation between T and T3 or between the examined steroids and T4. The data obtained indicate that during sexual maturation of the domestic hen there is a negative relationship between the ovary and the thyroid gland.
4
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Gastrojejunostomy Inserted Through Peg (Peg-J) in Prevention of Aspiration Pneumonia. Clinical Nutrition Complication in Dysphagic Patients

88%
Ławiński M., Gradowski Ł., Bzikowska A., Goszczyńska A., Jachnis A., Forysiński K.
Polish Journal of Surgery
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2015
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vol. 86
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issue 5
223-229
EN
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the most commonly used method of access to the gastrointestinal tract in long‑term home enteral nutrition (HEN) in patients with neurogenic deglutition and stenosis of the upper gastrointestinal tract caused by tumour. One of the most common complications of HEN is pneumonia resulting from aspiration of saliva or food. The risk of aspiration and the potential consequent sudden death is further increased by concomitant delayed gastric emptying and gastroesophageal reflux disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of changing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy to a gastrojejunostomy inserted through the PEG (PEG-J) in the prevention of aspiration pneumonia. Materiał and methods. The study involved 158 patients receiving HEN by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), aged 19 to 90 years. Indications for enteral nutrition in the study subjects included: neurogenic dysphagia - 95 patients (60%), and obstruction of the upper gastrointestinal tract due to cancer - 63 patients (40%). Results. The pulmonary and gastrointestinal complications were observed in 28 patients receiving gastric nutrition through PEG within one to nine months following the start of the feeding. In 20 patients, because of the symptoms of aspiration pneumonia with accompanying gastroesophageal reflux and delayed gastric emptying, PEG was changed to PEG-J as an alternative. There were no reports on food reflux and aspiration pneumonia in patients whose PEG has been replaced by PEG-J. Conclusions. The use of PEG-J appears to prevent the occurrence of aspiration pneumonia in patients receiving home enteral nutrition in the long‑term
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