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1

Trace metal concentrations and inter-metal associations in antarctic mammals

100%
Szeper P., Szeper K., Pempkowiak J., Skwarzec B., Bojanowski B., Holm E.
Oceanological Studies
|
1993
|
issue 64/3
103-109
2

The sorption and removal of heavy metals by algal biomasses

80%
Pawlik-Skowronska B., Pirszel J., Skowronski T.
Oceanological Studies
|
1998
|
vol. 27
|
issue 1
79-90
EN
Metal sorption capacity of Chlorella kessleri and two strains of cyanobacteria (Aphanocapsa sp., Anabaena flos-aquae) was studied. It was found that among studied organisms, dead cells of C. kessleri were the most effective sorbents of Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn. They displayed the highest cation-exchange (Cd2+/H+) capacity and bound much more Cd and Zn at pH 7 than at pH 4. The optimum pH for sorption of Pb and Cu was 6. At pH 6, dead cells of C.kessleri could bind maximally about 37 mg Cd, 38 mg Zn, 21 mg Cu and 70 mg Pb per g of dry weight. Generally, algal dead cells (0.3 g dry wt dm^3) removed 50-70% of the metal ions from 0.01 mM solutions. A surplus of calcium and magnesium caused a slight decrease of Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn sorption.
3

Heavy metals uptake by microscopic fungi

80%
Slaba M., Dlugonski J.
Biotechnologia
|
2003
|
issue 4
101-109
EN
This review article describes interactions between heavy metals and microscopic fungi which immobilize those metals and can be used in practical application for cleaning up of toxic metals that contaminate the environment. The biosorption process and following factors: metal concentration, pH, amount of biomass, medium, temperature and biomass modification, influencing biosorption efficiency are described in more detail. The examples of highly-efficient desorption of metals from mycelium are presented, too. The role of fungal cell wall in heavy metal uptake is discussed.
4

Suitability of genetically modified plants for phytoextraction and phytovolatilization

80%
Barabasz A., Wojas S., Dybek D., Antosiewicz D. M.
Biotechnologia
|
2008
|
issue 2
68-83
EN
Phytoremediation is a field of science and technology that uses plants to clean up polluted soil and water. Metal hyperaccumulator plants are naturally capable of accumulating trace elements, primarily Ni, Zn, Cd, As or Se in their above-ground tissues, without developing any toxicity symptoms. Although these plants appear to have ideal properties for phytoextraction, most of them produce little biomass and grow only in ecosystems that are characteristic for them. The introduction of novel traits into high biomass plants using a transgenic approach is a promising strategy for the development of effective phytoremediation technologies. A number of transgenic plants have been generated in an attempt to modify: (a) trace element uptake from environment, (b) transport to organelles, (c) allocation within the plants, (d) synthesis of metal complexing ligands present in the cell or exported to the apoplast and/or environment, (e) metabolism of the metal containing a compound. Many experimental results demonstrate that a single-gene plant transformation rarely leads to intended phenotypes. In this paper, we present some selected results dealing with suitability of genetically modified plants for phytoremediation.
5

Plant resistance to heavy metals stress

80%
Stroinski A.
Biotechnologia
|
2002
|
issue 3
124-134
EN
The studies on the effect of heavy metals on plants have shown that they cause intensification of two types of unfavorable processes: ? inactivation of macromolecules and cellular structures, ? induction oxidative stress. All molecular, structural and metabolic changes on the level of molecules, tissues and organs lead to changes of plant morphology. One of the change is inhibition of plant growth, reflected as a reduction of its size, mass of either the whole plant or its part, organs or tissues. In response the plant activates processes restoring its homeostasis. In removing reversible changes a particular role is played by the processes of heavy metal detoxification as well as removal of active forms of oxygen.
6

Plant transformation for phytoremediation of heavy metals polluted soils

80%
Wasinkiewicz K., Wojtera J., Tomaszewska B.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 1
108-126
EN
Extensive contamination of the environment caused by heavy metals is one of the many consequences of fast industrial development and civilizational progress which started in the previous century and is still underway. Traditional methods of removing heavy metals from the environment are very expensive and invasive, therefore new and cheap methods are needed. High hopes are put on the possibility of using plants in the process called phytoremediation. Some plants have naturally adapted to life on soils with high heavy metal content. The use of modern methods of molecular biology can be very helpful in obtaining transgenic plants that would be able to take up and accumulate high amounts of heavy metals.
7

Trace metals in Gasterosteus aculeatus L. and its parasites from the Gulf of Gdansk

80%
Morozinska_Gogol J., Rokicki J., Frelek K., Szefer P.
Oceanological Studies
|
1998
|
vol. 27
|
issue 3
71-75
EN
In this study the concentrations of trace metals in typical parasites of the three-spined stickleback, i.e. Schistocephalus solidus (Cestoda) and Thersitina gasterostei (Copepoda), and in the sticklebacks (infected or uninfected) were compared. Concentrations of Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were determined. The accumulations of metals suggested that S. solidus, T. gasterostei and their hosts could serve as biological indicators of heavy metal contamination.
8

The impact of some organotins on the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis aquatilis

80%
Pawlik-Skowronska B., Kaczorowska R., Skowronski T.
Oceanological Studies
|
1998
|
vol. 27
|
issue 1
91-103
EN
The impact of some organotin compounds (10-200 mg dm^3) on the planktonic cyanobacterium Synechocystis aquatilis was studied. The following order of toxicity of organotins tested to the cyanobacterium culture was found: DBTCl>TPTAclTBTCl? TPTCl>TMTCl. Chlorophyll a content in the culture seemed to be more susceptible to organotins than cyanobacterial growth. The inhibition of both parameters increased significantly with the increase of compound doses, time of exposure and decrease of initial culture density. After 96 h exposure, the chlorophyll a content in the cyanobacte-rium cultures of the initial density 56 mg dry wt dm^3 was reduced for 200 mg dm^3 of DBTCl, TBTCl and TPTCl by 70%, 50% and 20% respectively, while in the cultures of the lowest initial density (10 mg dry wt dm-3) by 90%, 75% and 50%, as compared to the organotin free controls.
9

Occurence of metals in the cockle Cerastoderma glaucum from different geographical regions in view of principal components analysis

80%
Szefer P., Wolowicz M.
Oceanological Studies
|
1993
|
issue 64/3
253-264
10

Remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil by microbial surfactants

80%
Paraszkiewicz K., Dlugonski J.
|
2007
|
issue 2
81-94
EN
The common use of heavy metals in several industrial applications has led to their wide distribution in the wastewaters, sediments and soils. Today, due to heavy metals high toxicity and non-biodegradable nature, metal-polluted soils have become one of the serious environmental problems. Remediation technologies developed for metal ? contaminated soil are based on: 1) allowing heavy metals to remain in the polluted site after decreasing their availability by solidification / stabilization processes, or 2) removing heavy metals from soil by e.g. phytoremediation or soil extraction (flushing/washing). Techniques such as ex situ soil washing and in situ soil flushing transfer heavy metals to liquid phase by desorption and solubilization. To support heavy metals' removal from soil matrix, the washing water used in these methods is usually augmented with acids, bases, chelating agents or surfactants. Biosurfactants, surface-active agents of biological origin, produced mainly by microorganisms, have gained considerable interest in environment remediation techniques due to some distinct advantages over the synthetic counterparts such as lower toxicity, higher biodegradability and high selectivity. This paper provides an overview of the application of biosurfactants for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil. Promising alternative surfactant foam technology is described, too.
11

The effect of heavy metal accumulation on metallothionein content in selected tissues of bank voles and yellow-necked mice caught near the steelworks and zinc smelter.

80%
Damek-Poprawa M.
Folia Biologica
|
2002
|
vol. 50
|
issue 3-4
211-214
EN
The effect of cadmium, zinc, and copper accumulation on metallothionein content in the selected tissues of bank voles and yellow-necked mice trapped near the Sendzimir Steelworks in Krakow and the zinc smelter in Bukowno were analysed. The Borecka Forest was chosen as a control area. The highest cadmium concentration, 32.98 mug g-1 dry weight, was detected in the kidneys of the bank voles caught in the Bukowno area. Zinc and copper concentrations in the tissues did not exceed the critical values. Metallothionein content in the liver and kidneys was associated with heavy metal accumulation in the tissues. The highest content of sulphydryl groups was detected in the livers of the bank voles trapped within the neighbourhood of the zinc smelter in Bukowno. The highest level of disulphide bonds was found in the kidneys of the bank voles from the same area.
12

Distribution of heavy metals in the river Ulla and its estuary (North-West Spain)

71%
Belzunce_Segarra M. J., Helios-Rybicka E., Prego R.
Oceanological Studies
|
1997
|
vol. 26
|
issue 2-3
139-152
EN
The 131-km-long Ulla is one of the most important rivers in the region of Galicia, and flows into the R?a of Arosa, the largest r?a in Galicia. Water, surface sediments and suspended particulate matter were sampled along the Ulla and in its estuary. The grain size fractions below 500 mum, below 63 mum. and, for selected samples, below 2 mum were separated and their contents measured. The concentration of suspended matter, pH and water salinity were also determined. The solid samples were digested with HF+HNO3+HCl and the total concentration of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mn and Fe) analysed by AAS. The sediments and suspended matter in the upper reaches of the river Ulla were found to be enriched with heavy metals: Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr and Zn were present in the sediments in concentrations of up to 68, 300, 357, 1035 and 272 mg kg-1 respectively. The heavy metal concentration in the clay fraction of selected samples is higher than in the below 63 mum fraction. The surface sediments contain heavy metals in concentrations mostly well above what would be expected if these metals had been derived from detrital inputs from soils and weathered granitic rocks, especially in the upper reaches of the Ulla. Of the heavy metals investigated, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr and Ni are derived from anthropogenic sources.
13

Remarks on the Paramecium aurelia species complex and other zooplankton in the region of Szczawnica

71%
Komala Z.
Folia Biologica
|
1996
|
vol. 44
35-39
EN
The study revealed an impoverishement of the zooplankton community in the investigated water bodies of the Szczawnica region. The results were compared with data obtained from 1977-1983 in this area.
14

Plant cell responses to heavy metals ? biotechnological aspects

71%
Gwozdz E.
Biotechnologia
|
2003
|
issue 3
107-123
EN
Heavy metals have been increasing in the environment as a result of either natural processes or human industrial activities. Many of the heavy metals affect and damage various developmental and biochemical processes causing reduction in growth, inhibition of photosynthesis and respiration and degeneration of main cell organelles. It is mostly due to the promoting effect of heavy metals on the formation of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) which disturb the whole cellular machinery. There is a requirement for a balance between the uptake of essential metal ions and the ability of plants to protect sensitive cellular structures and activities from excessive level of metals. The resistance of plants to heavy metals depends on the reduction of uptake and translocation from the root to the shoot, binding by appropriate ligands and, finally, transferring to the vacuole. The phytotoxic effect of heavy metals is effectively counteracted by the metal-binding proteins and peptides like metalothioneins, chaperones and phytochelatins as well as some organic acids. Another very important aspect of the heavy metal detoxication is the presence of an efficient ROS scavenging system consisting of low molecular antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes. Some plants can hyperaccumulate metal ions that are toxic for other species. Such plants can serve as donors of traits that could be used to clean up the environment. Several methods can be applied to create plants able to remove the xenobiotics from the environment: sexual or somatic hybridization, mutagenesis, in vitro selection of metal-resistant cell lines and engineering of metal-accumulating transgenic plants. The use of specially selected and engineered metal-accumulating plants for environmental clean-up is a novel technology called phytoremediation. This rapidly emerging biotechnology consists of some branches suitable to toxic metals remediation: 1) phytoextraction ? the use of plants to remove heavy metals from the soil, 2) phytostabilization ? the use of plants to complex and eliminate the availability of toxic metals in soils, 3) rhizofiltration ? the use of plant roots to remove heavy metals from polluted waters. Some new approaches concerning the use of transgenic plants as sensitive bioindicators of toxic heavy metals and soils contaminated with radionuclides are presented.
15

Heavy metal contents in sediments and the blue mussel Mytilus Edulis from three regions of the Southern Baltic Sea

71%
Perkowska A., Protasowski M.
Oceanological Studies
|
1996
|
vol. 25
|
issue 4
55-63
EN
Samples were collected .from three areas of the Baltic Sea: Kiel, Warnem?nde, Swinoujscie. The concentrations of Hg, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu were determined in sediments and mussel tissue (Mytilus edulis); the sediment samples were also analysed for Cr, Ni, Mn, V, Fe and Mn. Differences between the metal contents in the sediment samples in the various areas were found - the highest level was noted in the Kiel region. The Warnem?nde and ?wnouj?cie areas were comparable in this respect. In the Swinoujscie and Kiel regions the level of heavy metals in sediment decreased with distance from the entrance to the ports. Since the finding did not correspond to the metal levels in the mussel tissue, using the mussel Mytilus edulis as a bioindicator of heavy metal pollution seems questionable.
16

Heavy metals in marine sediments and biota of Spitsbergen

71%
Sikora A., Zajaczkowski M., Pempkowiak J.
Oceanological Studies
|
1996
|
vol. 25
|
issue 3
97-109
EN
Contents of selected heavy metals (Al, Fe, Co, Ni, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr) were meas-ured in sediment samples and biota collected off Spitsbergen. Relatively large contents of met-als in sediments were accompanied by small contents in mussels. This was attributed to the fact that sediments contain a significant amount of minerals rich in heavy metals of low bioavail-ability. Solid speciation revealed that metals incorporated into mineral lattice were by far more abundant than those adsorbed, bound to carbonates and hydroxides, and complexed to organic matter. This also explains scarce bioavailability of metals in the Spitsbergen region.
17

Effect of some heavy metals on neustonic and planktonic bacteria isolated from the Deep of Gdansk

71%
Mudryk Z., Donderski D. W., Donderski W., Skorczewski S. P., Skorczewski P., Walczak W. M., Walczak M.
Oceanological Studies
|
2000
|
vol. 29
|
issue 1
89-99
EN
The effect of different concentrations of heavy metal ions Hg+2, Cd+2, Zn+2, Cu+2 on growth and respiratory activity of neustonic and planktonic bacteria derived from the Deep of Gda?sk was studied. The laboratory experiments demonstrated that all heavy metals examined exhibited toxic effects on the development and oxygen uptake by neustonic and planktonic bacteria. This effect depended on the kind of the metal and its concentration.
18

Biodegradation and detoxification of xenobiotics and compounds of natural origin

71%
Dlugonski J., Lisowska K., Paraszkiewicz K., Slaba M., Bernat P.
Biotechnologia
|
2003
|
issue 4
62-68
EN
Microscopic fungi are widely used for synthesis and transformation of biologically active compounds e.g. antibiotics, corticosteroids and androgens. The fungal strains applied for steroid hormone production are also able to attack pollutants, including deleterious xenobiotics e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorophenols or organotins to less toxic derivatives. Transformation, detoxification, and degradation of both types of hydrophobic substrates (steroids and xenobiotics), as well as heavy metals recovery from industrial wastes, are in the center of interest of Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. This paper is a short review on a possibility of application of industrial strains for environment protection and an introduction to our detailed presentations (1-4) on this subject, during The 2nd National Biotechnology Congress in Lodz.
19

Preliminary studies on heavy metal content in biota and sediments from artificial reef area

70%
Protasowicki M.
Oceanological Studies
|
1993
|
issue 64/3
77-83
20

Effects of Cu2+, CrO4 2-, Co2+ and Pb2+ on the monovalent ion content of goldfish (Carassius auratus gibelio) tissues studied by X-ray microanalysis

61%
Tylko G., Kilarski W.
Folia Biologica
|
2003
|
vol. 51
|
issue 1-2
125-128
EN
Carassius auratus gibelio was chosen as an organism with a high level of tolerance against heavy metal to investigate changes in monovalent ions content in its tissues. Fish were kept in 10 ppm Cu2+ (3h), CrO4 2- (96h), Co2+(96h), Pb2+ (8h) and control (96h) solutions, then tissues were dissected and prepared for X-ray microanalysis. K+, Na+ and Cl- concentration was measured and calculated. Short periods of time of fish acclimation to Cu2+ (3h) and Pb2+ (8h) caused fish to suffocate as a consequence of heavy metal ions binding to gill mucopolisaccharides. Cl- and Na+ content decreased after Cu2+ treatment in kidney cells and muscle fibers, and so did K+ concentration in gill cells in comparison to control. After that CrO4 2- ions acclimation changes in all tissues and in all measured ions were observed. Similar effects were observed in Co2+ ions treatment but not for muscle fibers. Pb2+ ions caused an elevation of Cl- and Na+ ions content in gill cells and muscle fibers but decreasing in liver and kidney cells in comparison to control. Changes in monovalent ions concentration are probably related to heavy metal ions influence on ionic pump activity, their interaction with metabolic enzymes, ATP production or membrane phospholipids.
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