The present work measures the adsorption capacity of sugarcane bagasse to remove excess lead from groundwater. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the adsorption equilibrium, and the effects of four parameters (pH, adsorbent dosage, equilibrium time and particle size) on the adsorption of lead were investigated. Characterization of the adsorbent was carried out through SEM and FTIR instruments. Results confirm that the adsorption of lead takes place successfully on the surface of the adsorbent. The maximum efficiency of adsorption is up to 50% achieved in 5g adsorbent dosage, at an optimum pH 5, with a contact time of 120 minutes and 53 μm adsorbent size at 38.
A geophysical survey of basement complex using electrical resistivity method was carried out so as to provide geological and geophysical information on the different subsurface features. The sought-for parameters include thickness, depth, basement for groundwater potential and aquifer protective capacity. The acquired data were process using Win-Resist software and surfer 8, and the result was then analyzed and interpreted. Accordingly, 3-4 geoelectrical layers within the subsurface delineate the area: top soil, lateritic layer, weathered/fractured layer and fresh rock. Resistivity values of the top soil range between 55.5 mΩ to 749.7 mΩ, with average thickness of 0.4 m to 3.6 m, while the lateritic layer ranges between 153.3 mΩ to 862.0 mΩ, with average thickness of 4.5 m to 20.7 m, the weathered/fractured layer in turn ranges between 15.6 mΩ to 698.9 mΩ, with average thickness of 7.7 m to 55.2 m, and the fresh rock ranges between 13.4 mΩ to 5102 mΩ, with infinite homogeneous half space. Over all, the longitudinal conductance of the overburden units range from 0.147 mhos to 0.957 mhos and the overburden is thick enough for groundwater exploration activities. The results provide reasonably information that the aquifer units are weathered/fractured layers with a significant groundwater potential that is free of contamination.
In a three year study (2018, 2019 and 2020), some groundwater sources in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria were evaluated for quality. A total of one hundred and eighty composite borehole water samples were collected from 10 locations/sites in the study area. The sampling sites in the study were A (Iju), B (Onipannu), C (Ilogbo), D (Arobieye), E (Igbooloye, F (Osi), G (Ijoko), H (Akeja), I (Oju-ore) and J (Iyesi). Samples collected were analyzed using standard procedure for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride and iron (Fe). Results over three years showed that the water was acidic with pH < 6.5, EC ranged from 39.52±0.79 to 134.99±0.03 µS/cm, TDS ranged from 19.43±0.42 to 81.00±0.02 mg/L, chloride was consistent at 0.02±0.00 mg/L while Fe ranged from 0.00±0.00 to 0.11±0.08 mg/L. There was no definite yearly trend except for Fe which dropped from 0.036 mg/L in 2018 to 0.011 mg/L in 2020. Modelling the data for consumption using water quality index (WQI) showed that the groundwater is of excellent quality with WQI < 50 while for health risks using the average daily dose (ADD) and hazard quotient showed that the groundwater would pose no non-carcinogenic risks. Periodic monitoring covering more parameter is recommended to reflect the proper status of groundwater sources in Ota.
The current study was aimed to find out the heavy metal concentration of groundwater in the Veppanthattai block. Here, 45 water samples from different sites were collected during the year 2015 at post monsoon, and Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn heavy metal content was analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), The obtained results were then compared with the WHO standard for the specific highest pollution level. Accordingly, some or all water samples are above the permissible limit, particularly for Cd metal (all samples). The elevated concentration of cadmium in water samples of the study area may be due to agricultural runoff, as pesticides and cadmium-containing fertilizer have been used. The study showed that without proper treatment, the groundwater of the study area is not suitable for domestic applications.
This research focuses on the ground water quality index in Ado-Ekiti State, Nigeria. Groundwater sample wells were randomly collected and their spatial locations captured using a handheld GPS. Water samples were taken from 45 wells and their physio-chemical properties were analyzed in the laboratory. Spatial distribution maps of the water quality parameters were then developed. Herein, the Kriging method of interpolation from geospatial analyst wizard in Esri ArcGIS software was deployed in the generation of thematic maps of water quality parameters. A drinking water quality index was subsequently developed to describe the overall quality of groundwater in the study area. Laboratory analysis of 34 wells showed water of acceptable use as it conforms to WHO standard, while 11 wells were found to have unsuitable water for domestic use. The results further show spatial variation in the water quality. The south central depicts poor water quality, fair water quality in the south-east, while the North, north east, north-west down to the south west depicted the best water quality.
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