The production of surfactant from biological and renewable sources is important as this reduces environmental hazards since the products are highly biodegradable. Oil extracted from the seed of Luffa cylindrica using hexane in a soxhlet extractor was used in the synthesis of sodium phosphate-hydroxy ethanolamide via a simple reaction mechanism. The progress of the reaction was monitored and confirmed by FTIR, 1HNMR and 13CNMR. The process used gave a yield of 88.46% of sodium phosphate-hydroxy ethanolamide. The properties of this compound were compared with those of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) used as a known reference surfactant. Important properties of sodium phosphate-hydroxy ethanolamide such as foam stability, wetting power and surface tension turned out superior to those of the known reference surfactant (SDS). [...]
Binding of cationic gemini surfactants alkanediyl-a-ω-bis(dimethyldodecylammonium bromides) with variable polymethylene spacer length ranging from 2 to 12 methylene groups to DNA in NaBr solution is investigated utilizing the tensiometry method. A simple method is presented for calculating the number of surfactant molecules bound to DNA. The results are evaluated in terms of the gemini surfactant spacer length, showing that gemini molecules with either short spacers (2 methylene groups) or long spacers are most efficiently adsorbed to DNA. A weak adsorption to DNA was found for gemini molecules with a medium spacer length (6 methylene groups in the spacer). The binding properties of cationic gemini surfactants as a function of spacer length are consistent with the results obtained by other experimental methods (dynamic light scattering measurements, fluorescence spectroscopy), indicating identical adsorption behaviour of gemini molecules as a function of the spacer length.
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