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1

The influence of exogenous growth regulators on germination and conversion in somatic embryos of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)

100%
Latkowska M. J., Wojciechowska K.
|
EN
Modification of the medium composition was a trial to improve germination and conversion in somatic embryos of Norway spruce. The mature embryos germinated for 1 week in the medium supplemented with either auxin (IAA, IBA, NAA ? 0.05; 0.25; 0.1 or 0.5 muM) or gibberellin (GA3, GA4+7 - 25; 50; 125 or 250 mg dm-3). The hormone-free medium used for the next 2 weeks of germination was enriched or not with activated charcoal (10 mg dm-3). The auxin applied in the medium did not affect embryo germination nor root and shoot growth. GA3 stimulated root and shoot growth in germinating somatic embryos, whereas the highest concentration of GA4+7 completely inhibited embryo germination.
2

In vitro germination and conversion of somatic embryos

63%
Kepczynska E.
Biotechnologia
|
2006
|
issue 4
78-94
EN
Somatic embryogenesis (SE), resembling zygotic embryogenesis, is a very efficient and fast method of vegetative plant propagation. Somatic embryos, the final products of this process, are immediately or after drying and/ or encapsulation used as artificial seeds. SE efficiency is not only dependent on the quantity, but also on quality of somatic embryos. Although SE has been recorded for species across many genera and from a variety of plant tissues, regeneration of plants from somatic embryos is often a significant problem for some plant species. Many efforts have been made to obtain higher levels of germination and conversion of somatic embryos to plants. This review will focus on the present knowledge about enhancing the vigor of somatic embryos with special attention paid to the effect of plant hormones (gibberellins, ethylene, abscisic acid), germination and conversion of somatic embryos and their influence on the storage reserves content (starch, oligosaccharides), their hydrolytic products (raffinose, sucrose, glucose), and on the activity of hydrolytic enzymes (alpha-amylase).
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