Full-text resources of PSJD and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl
Preferences help
Polish version English version Language
enabled [disable] Abstract
Number of results

Results found: 9

Number of results on page
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  GENOMICS
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
1

RNAi as a tool for functional genomics

100%
Kisiel A., Podkowinski J., Figlerowicz M.
Biotechnologia
|
2003
|
issue 2
104-119
EN
Sequencing eukariotic genomes generates a large amount of sequence data. There is an urgent need for developing fast and effective methods of functional analysis of newly discovered genes. Postranscriptional gene silencing can be applied for functional genomics of plants and animals. A large scale analysis of C. elegans genome has been already performed. For mammals and plants, current work focuses on constructing high-throughput silencing vectors.
2

From sequence to function ? looking for genes and their annotations

80%
Baczkowski K., Mackiewicz P., Kowalczuk M., Banaszak J., Cebrat S.
Biotechnologia
|
2005
|
issue 3
22-44
EN
Today, we have very powerful and effective machines and methods to sequence and analyze DNA sequences. Almost every week, new genomes are added to sequence databases. However, those data are useless without additional annotations. Genes need to be found and their functions defined. Experimental work is too slow to analyze each sequence of a potential gene but computational methods facilitate such analyses. Here, we review the methodology, potential problems and constraints in genes finding and their annotation. We describe some new approaches including comparative genomics.
3

Personalized medicine: a new era in diagnostics and therapy

80%
Gaciong Z.
Biotechnologia
|
2009
|
issue 5
11-17
EN
Many commonly used drugs are typically effective in only 40-60% of the patient population, but still substantial number of subjects experience serious adverse reactions and death directly related to drug use. Personalized medicine uses genomic and molecular data to better target the delivery of healthcare by helping to determine individual patient's response to certain therapies.
4

Pharmaceutical biotechnology: The achievements of Century XX and the expectations in Century XXI

80%
Chmiel A.
Biotechnologia
|
2002
|
issue 4
56-78
EN
Pharmaceutical biotechnology is 60 years old. Its development one can divide into three essential periods. Two of them have proceeded in past century. The first period started during the Second Warld War with the industrial production of penicillin and was microbiology-based (microbial metabolites as drugs). The second one was genetic engineering-based and started in 1982, when human insulin synthesized in recombinant bacteria was introduced by pharmaceutical industry to health care. The third period began in 2001 with the first descriptions of the human genome, and is genome-based (also proteome-based). Molecular biology with its new areas genomics, farmacogenomics and proteomics, together with bioinformatics and other sophfisticated tools developed at the end of XX century and introduced (the pharmaceutical and medical biotechnology of the XXI century) very new ideas and new approaches to drug discovery and designin. Pharmaceutical biotechnology (as well as pharmaceutical industry as a whole and world biotechnology as a whole) is entering upon the third phase of its development, a very integrated and globalized one.
5

Mystery of orphan Open Reading Frames (ORFans)

80%
Mackiewicz P., Baczkowski K., Sobczynski, Cebrat S.
Biotechnologia
|
2005
|
issue 3
7-21
EN
Genomics is a new field of biology. Its fast development is caused mainly by quick progress in large-scale genome sequencing and in computer technology. In spite of a huge number of sequenced microbial genomes available in databases, their taxonomical diversity is biased and reflects the interests of researches and facility of microorganisms' isolation and culture in laboratory conditions. More than 80% of genome sequencing projects are focused on the members of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. Environmental genome shotgun sequencing reveals that microbial diversity is much greater than we expected. Particular levels of genomic analysis, the problems and subjects of genomics are specified and described here.
6

DNA speed reading course ? high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies

70%
Kotowska M., Zakrzewska-Czerwinska M.
Biotechnologia
|
2010
|
issue 4
24-38
EN
Development of high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies that omit time consuming and labour intensive cloning steps have opened unprecedented possibilities in life sciences. Massive scale generation of raw sequences requires constant improvement of computational methods of data analysis. New disciplines of genomics, metagenomics and transcriptomics have emerged which revolutionize experimental approach to different fields of biology. Both basic studies, such as species evolution or microbial ecology, and applied sciences of biotechnology and medicine greatly from the new tools available. In this article next-generation DNA sequencing technologies are reviewed. Information on data analysis and applications is also provided.
7

The dog genome map and its use in mammalian comparative genomics

61%
Switonski M., Szczerbal I., Nowacka J.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2004
|
vol. 45
|
issue 2
195-214
EN
The dog genome organization was extensively studied in the last ten years. The most important achievements are the well-developed marker genome maps, including over 3200 marker loci, and a survey of the DNA genome sequence. This knowledge, along with the most advanced map of the human genome, turned out to be very useful in comparative genomic studies. On the one hand, it has promoted the development of marker genome maps of other species of the family Canidae (red fox, arctic fox, Chinese raccoon dog) as well as studies on the evolution of their karyotype. But the most important approach is the comparative analysis of human and canine hereditary diseases. At present, causative gene mutations are known for 30 canine hereditary diseases. A majority of them have human counterparts with similar clinical and molecular features. Studies on identification of genes having a major impact on some multifactorial diseases (hip dysplasia, epilepsy) and cancers (multifocal renal cystadenocarcinoma and nodular dermatofibrosis) are advanced. Very promising are the results of gene therapy for certain canine monogenic diseases (haemophilia, hereditary retinal dystrophy, mucopolysaccharidosis), which have human equivalents. The above-mentioned examples prove a very important model role of the dog in studies of human genetic diseases. On the other hand, the identification of gene mutations responsible for hereditary diseases has a substantial impact on breeding strategy in the dog.
8

Genomics of Protists ? very diversified but poorly studied eukaryotes

61%
Mackiewicz P., Gagat P., Bodyl A.
Biotechnologia
|
2010
|
issue 4
91-130
EN
Initially, most eukaryotic sequence projects were devoted to typical animals, fungi and plants. Now more and more effort is put into sequencing protist genomes. Protists are an artificial assemblage containing mostly unicellular eukaryotes from different phylogenetic lineages, and are much more diversified and widespread than higher Eukaryota. Sequenced protist genomes are essential for reconstructing the Tree of Life and understanding significant events in eukaryotic evolution and diversification. Many protists are parasites and pathogens with medical and economic significance, while others play important ecological roles as primary producers and crucial links in food webs. A number of protists also serve as model organisms in various biological fields and are becoming important in biotechnology. Thirty-seven protist genomes were published by the beginning of 2010 and 217 projects are ongoing. Knowledge coming from these projects will be helpful in developing more efficient protection from pathogenic protists and their effective elimination. Sequenced genomes of ecologically important protists could help to understand key environmental phenomena and even to control them. Newly sequenced protist genomes encode previously unknown enzymes and metabolic pathways, which will be useful in further development of biotechnology.
9

Genetics of fat tissue accumulation in pigs: a comparative approach

51%
Switonski M., Stachowiak M., Cieslak J., Bartz M., Grzes M.
|
|
vol. 51
|
issue 2
153-168
EN
Fatnness traits are important in pig production since they influence meat quality and fattening efficiency. On the other hand, excessive fat accumulation in humans has become a serious health problem due to worldwide spread of obesity. Since the pig is also considered as an animal model for numerous human diseases, including obesity and metabolic syndrome, comparative genomic studies may bring new insights into genetics of fatness/obesity. Input of genetic factors into phenotypic variability of these traits is rather high and the heritability coefficient (h2) of these traits oscillates around 0.5. Genome scanning revealed the presence of more than 500 QTLs for fatness in the pig genome. In addition to QTL studies, many candidate gene polymorphisms have been analyzed in terms of their associations with pig fatness, including genes encoding leptin (LEP) and its receptor (LEPR), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), fatty acid-binding proteins (FABP3 and FABP4), melanocortin receptor type 4 (MC4R), and the FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) gene. Among them, a confirmed effect on pig fatness was found for a well-known polymorphism of the IGF-2 gene. In humans the strongest association with predisposition to obesity was shown for polymorphism of the FTO gene, while in pigs such an association seems to be doubtful. The development of functional genomics has revealed a large number of genes whose expression is associated with fat accumulation and lipid metabolism, so far not studied extensively in terms of the association of their polymorphism with pig fatness. Recently, epigenomic mechanisms, mainly RNA interference, have been considered as a potential source of information on genetic input into the fat accumulation process. The rather limited progress in studies focused on the identification of gene polymorphism related with fatness traits shows that their genetic background is highly complex.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.