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1

Biotechnological, organizational, legal and ethical aspects of xenotransplantation

100%
Smorag Z.
Biotechnologia
|
2006
|
issue 1
103-109
EN
The paper presents issues that shall be considered and elaborated before xenotransplantation reaches clinical stage. In a scope of a research project, such considerations as rules and procedures of a donor selection, including nature of its genetic modifications, must be undertaken. Another problem are regulatory requirements concerning pre-clinical tests on primates. Detailed conditions and requirements that must be fulfilled before clinical trials start are also discussed in the paper. Patient selection criteria as well as relationship with him/her before and after transplantation shall be clarified. A matter of high importance are organisational guidelines and relevant legal aspects of donor animals, breeding and xenotransplantation product harvesting, as well as ethical dimension of these actions.
2

Biotechnology in Poland

100%
Krata J.
Biotechnologia
|
2002
|
issue 4
105-114
EN
The purpose of writing this article was to show the audience how many factors can influence the development of biotechnology in Poland. I am a head of the biotechnology department in Aventis CropScience Polska. Since I have five years experience in implementing the law regulations regarding GMO?s and in the introduction attempt of transgenic crop varieties into the Polish market, I wrote some remarks. These remarks concern the activities of the biotechnology companies, job perspectives for the biotechnology graduates, and the activities of the antagonists. The commercialisation of transgenic crops in Poland failed because of many reasons, such as political reasons, emotional reasons, and also because of precautionary principles valid in Europe. It has negative influenced on the development of job opportunities and foreign investments on the market. On the other hand, the education system has discovered the big chance for the future in education of biotechnology specialists. Dealing in the field of biotechnology in Poland, we still meet a lot of barriers. They caused the informal moratorium for agro-biotechnology in fact.
3

Genetic modification of microorganisms for ethanol production from hemicellulosic hydrolyzates

100%
Nowak J.
Biotechnologia
|
1998
|
issue 3
89-97
EN
The efficient and complete conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to ethanol as a result of fermentation processes makes possible the production of a bio-fuel competitive with petroleum. Traditional organisms used in ethanol fermentation, e.g. Saccharomyces cerevisise and Zymomonas mobilis, are unable to ferment pentose sugars. To overcome this problem genetic modifications of S. cerevisiae, Z. mobilis and E. coli were performed in order to produce ethanol directly from xylose and arabinose. The performance of the recombinant strains is encouraging: especially over the last 3 years the progress has been rapid. There is a possibility that strains of these three species may find a separate application in the fermentation of specific plant biomasses.
4

Dendritic cells and their application in cancer immunotherapy - achievements and future prospects

88%
Rossowska J., Pajtasz-Piasecka E.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2003
|
vol. 57
|
issue 5
501-518
EN
Dendritic cells (DC) are generally believed to play a key role in the initiation of immune response. A potential usefulness of these cells in antitumor immunotherapy is strongly considered in every stage of cancer treatment. Studies on tumor tissue infiltration by immune cells shown, that DC represented only a small percentage of leukocytes. The influence of tumor environment resulted in reduction of DC number, their inability to migrate across endothelial barriers, or impaired maturation and efficiency of tumor antigens presentation. Thus, decreased number of DC in tumors could be associated with a bad prognosis. Many attempts concentrate on the creation of the DC-based vaccines, which would generate strong anticancer cell mediated immunity. They include studies on stage of differentiation of the administered DC; effective way for antigen loading; optimum route and schedule of DC delivery into tumor bearing host; effective vectors for the therapeutic genes; effects of the therapy based on cytokine secreting DC; influence of DC on co-operation between innate and acquired immunity as well as on the generation of specific antitumor response. This review is focused on two important areas aiming for the preparation of DC vaccine for effective stimulation of immune response: - loading of DC with tumor antigens (or other ways of DC preparation to successful antigen presentation) - as an encouraging evidence of therapeutic efficacy, and - genetic modification of DC with cytokines resulting in the stimulation or alteration of the antitumor DC activity - as a promising anticancer strategy.
5

New, engineered polyketide compounds synthesized by actinomycetes

75%
Kuczek K.
Biotechnologia
|
2002
|
issue 4
130-141
EN
Polyketides constitute a structurally and functionally diverse group of secondary metabolites produced by bacteria, fungi and plants. Macrocyclic polyketides are produced principally by actinomycetes using modular polyketide synthases which are giant multienzymes. These enzymes are potentially valuable for the biosynthesis of novel compounds. Engineered, hybrid polyketide synthases catalyse the formation of simple statin analogues, macrolactone ring analogues, and biologically active glycosylated compounds.
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