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1

EST-SSR DNA polymorphism in durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) collections

100%
Wang H.-Y., Wei Y.-M., Yan Z.-H., Zheng Y.-L.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2007
|
vol. 48
|
issue 3
35-42
EN
SSRs derived from EST were molecular markers belonging to the transcribed region of the genome. Therefore, any polymorphism detected using EST-SSRs might reflect the better relationship among species or varieties. Using wheat EST-SSR markers, 60 durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) accessions from seven countries were investigated. Twenty-five primer pairs could amplify successfully in the 60 durum wheat accessions, of which trinucleotide repeats were the dominant type, and revealed 26 loci on all seven wheat homologous chromosome groups. A total of 87 eSSR alleles were detected, and the number of alleles detected by a single pair of primers ranged from 1 to 11, with an average of 3.3 alleles per locus. Higher numbers of alleles and PIC were identified on the B genome than those on the A genome.
2

EST-SSR DNA polymorphism in durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) collections

100%
Wang H.-Y., Wei Y.-M., Yan Z.-H., Zheng Y.-L.
|
EN
SSRs derived from EST were molecular markers belonging to the transcribed region of the genome. Therefore, any polymorphism detected using EST-SSRs might reflect the better relationship among species or varieties. Using wheat EST-SSR markers, 60 durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) accessions from seven countries were investigated. Twenty-five primer pairs could amplify successfully in the 60 durum wheat accessions, of which tri-nucleotide repeats were the dominant type, and revealed 26 loci on all seven wheat homologous chromosome groups. A total of 87 eSSR alleles were detected, and the number of alleles detected by a single pair of primers ranged from 1 to 11, with an average of 3.3 alleles per locus. Higher numbers of alleles and PIC were identified on the B genome than those on the A genome.
3

Allozyme variability of putative hybrid swarm population (Pinus mugo Turra x P.sylvestris L.) from Topielisko peat-bog near Zieleniec

80%
Siedlewska A., Pros-Glowacki W.
Genetica Polonica
|
1994
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vol. 35
|
issue 4
285-302
EN
The purpose of investigation was to analyse the isoenzymatic variability of the population from Topielisko peat-bog, representing probably a hybrid swarm (Pinus mugo Turra x P.sylvestris L.), and compare the genetic structure of this population with that of P.mugo and P.sylvestris populations as putative parental species.Allozyme variation at 10 enzymatic loci was studied in a group of 300 individuals from the population in Topielisko reservation against variation of 5 P.mungo populations from the Tatra Mts. (2 of which from the mountain peat-bogs) and 3 P.silvestris populations.
4

Evaluation of genetic diversity and uniformity of head cabbage DH lines by the use of RAPD markers

80%
Kaminski P., Staniaszek M., Kozik E. U.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2003
|
vol. 44
|
issue 2
157-163
EN
DH lines derived from cabbage cvs. Kamienna Glowa, Slawa z Enkhuizen and Langendijker, representing R1 generation, were analysed by the use of RAPD markers for their diversity and uniformity. For the evaluation of genetic diversity, eight primers yielding informative bands were used. Of the total of 83 RAPD bands scored in this study, 16.9% were polymorphic between a set of 13 DH lines. The similarity of the DH lines, estimated by Jaccard?s coefficient, was depicted in the UPGMA dendrogram. Fourteen generated informative RAPD bands allowed the identification of DH lines developed from each cultivar. The evaluation of the uniformity for six closely related DH lines was possible by the use of three primers which generate one or two polymorphic bands. The lack of differences among ten plants of the five investigated DH lines manifested their uniformity. One line showed intraline polymorphism with two RAPD primers. The occurrence of the differences at the molecular level among ten plants indicated that their parental R0 plant was probably obtained from somatic cells, not by androgenesis.
5

Genetic relationship between Polish and Chinese strains of the mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing., determined by the RAPD method

80%
Staniaszek M., Marczewski W., Szudyga K., Maszkiewicz J., Czaplicki A., Gian G.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2002
|
vol. 43
|
issue 1
43-47
EN
The genetic relationship between twenty-six strains of Agaricus bisporus were analysed by the RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) method. DNA amplification was performed with the use of twelve arbitrary 10-mer primers. Four primers, which gave polymorphic band patterns were chosen for RAPD analysis. In total, they gave 24 distinguishable bands, of which nine were polymorphic. The conducted research showed that there is a great genetic similarity among the examined strains. Low polymorphism of the strains may be a proof of a limited genetic pool used in the cultivation of those strains.
6

Horse breed discrimination using machine learning methods

80%
Burocziova M., R?ha J.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2009
|
vol. 50
|
issue 4
375-377
EN
Genetic relationships and population structure of 8 horse breeds in the Czech and Slovak Republics were investigated using classification methods for breed discrimination. To demonstrate genetic differences among these breeds, we used genetic information ? genotype data of microsatellite markers and classification algorithms ? to perform a probabilistic prediction of an individual's breed. In total, 932 unrelated animals were genotyped for 17 microsatellite markers recommended by the ISAG for parentage testing (AHT4, AHT5, ASB2, HMS3, HMS6, HMS7, HTG4, HTG10, VHL20, HTG6, HMS2, HTG7, ASB17, ASB23, CA425, HMS1, LEX3). Algorithms of classification methods ? J48 (decision trees); Naive Bayes, Bayes Net (probability predictors); IB1, IB5 (instance-based machine learning methods); and JRip (decision rules) ? were used for analysis of their classification performance and of results of classification on this genotype dataset. Selected classification methods (Naive Bayes, Bayes Net, IB1), based on machine learning and principles of artificial intelligence, appear usable for these tasks.
7

Assessing genetic variation to predict the breeding value of winter triticale cultivars and lines

80%
Goral H., Tyrka M., Spiss L.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2005
|
vol. 46
|
issue 2
125-131
EN
The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses for selection of the best parents for breeding of hybrid winter triticale. Phenotypic diversity was measured for 8 agronomic traits in 10 parents and 27 F1 hybrids. Genotypic diversity was measured by 91 AFLP markers. Coefficients of correlation of genetic similarity (AFLP-GS) with both Euclidean distances and mean values of the traits were generally not significant. A correction of the preliminary binary matrix into trait-specific derived matrices increased the values of 5 correlation coefficients to a significant level. The correlation of AFLP-GS with mid-parent heterosis of grain weight per plant was low but significant (r = ?0.452). Our study confirms the effectiveness of marker preselection for obtaining AFLP-GS better correlated with heterosis. The use of derived matrices is promising for reducing the number of cross combinations tested for specific combining ability.
8

Characteristics of SAMPL markers and their utilization in plant genomes researches

80%
Hromada A., Rakoczy-Trojanowska M.
Biotechnologia
|
2006
|
issue 3
79-87
EN
In the last 20 years, several marker systems based on the microsatellite sequences have been elaborated. One of them is SAMPL (Selective Amplification of Microsatellite Polymorphic Loci), which gives a possibillity to detect genetic polymorphisms resulting not only from mutations in restriction sites, but also from different number of microsatellite motif repeats. That makes it a valuable tool for a genetic diversity studies even among closely related forms. Moreover, thanks to the abillity of simultaneous analysis of many segregating loci in one gel line, SAMPL markers are very useful to construct new and improve density of already existing genetic maps.
9

Genetic diversity among cultivars, landraces and wild relatives of rice as revealed by microsatellite markers

70%
Ganesh R. S., Thiruvengadam V., Kurungari V. K.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2007
|
vol. 48
|
issue 4
337-345
EN
Genetic diversity among 35 rice accessions, which included 19 landraces, 9 cultivars and 7 wild relatives, was investigated by using microsatellite (SSR) markers distributed across the rice genome. The mean number of alleles per locus was 4.86, showing 95.2% polymorphism and an average polymorphism information content of 0.707. Cluster analysis based on microsatellite allelic diversity clearly demarcated the landraces, cultivars and wild relatives into different groups. The allelic richness computed for the clusters indicated that genetic diversity was the highest among wild relatives (0.436), followed by landraces (0.356), and the lowest for cultivars. Allelic variability among the SSR markers was high enough to categorize cultivars, landraces and wild relatives of the rice germplasm, and to catalogue the genetic variability observed for future use. The results also suggested the necessity to introgress genes from landraces and wild relatives into cultivars, for cultivar improvement.
10

A simplified AFLP method for fingerprinting of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

70%
Tyrka M.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2002
|
vol. 43
|
issue 2
131-143
EN
The simplified AFLP method was developed and evaluated for identification and genetic diversity studies of wheat cultivars. Selective primers exploited in AFLP assay based on a single cutting enzyme PstI (PstIAFLP) generated total of 111 robust fragments, including 67 (60%) monomorphic and 12 (11%) cultivar-specific markers. Average similarity between 15 cultivars was 0.650, and varied from 0.293 (?Hope? vs. ?Aurora?) to 0.865 (?Norman? vs. ?Hornet?). Mean similarities within groups of winter wheat cultivars with and without 1BL/1RS chromosome were 0.713 and 0.685, respectively. A higher variation was found in the group of spring wheats: 0.677. The obtained results confirm the usefulness of the proposed modification of the AFLP technique for diversity studies and identification of common wheat cultivars.
11

Microsatellite DNA polymorphism divergence in Chinese wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces highly resistant to Fusarium head blight

70%
Wei Y.-M., Hou Y.-C., Yan Z.-H., Wu W., Zhang Z.-Q., Liu D.-C., Zheng Y.-L.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2005
|
vol. 46
|
issue 1
3-9
EN
Genetic differences between 20 Chinese wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces highly resistant to Fusarium head blight (FHB) and 4 wheat lines highly susceptible to FHB were evaluated by means of microsatellite markers, in order to select suitable parents for gene mapping studies. Thirty-nine out of 40 microsatellite markers (97.5%) were polymorphic among the 24 wheat genotypes. A total of 276 alleles were detected at the 40 microsatellite loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 16, with an average of 6.9 alleles. Among these microsatellite loci, the largest polymorphism information content (PIC) value was 0.914 (GWM484), while the lowest PIC value was 0 (GWM24). The mean genetic similarity index among the 24 genotypes was 0.419, ranging from 0.103 to 0.673. Clustering analysis indicated that the highly susceptible synthetic wheat line RSP was less genetically related to and more divergent from the Chinese highly resistant landraces. These results were useful in the identification of suitable parents for the development of mapping populations for tagging the FHB resistance genes among these Chinese wheat landraces.
12

Comparison of growth hormone and kappa-casein gene polymorphism in Polish Red and German Red cattle breeds

70%
Citek J., Filistowicz A., Rehouth V., Neubauerova V.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2000
|
vol. 41
|
issue 3
181-185
EN
The polymorphism of kappa-casein (alleles A, B and E) and growth hormone (alleles L and V) genes was studied using PCR/RFLP method with the aim to evaluate the degree of genetic diversity of Polish Red and German Red cattle, which are endangered with extinction. At the kappa-casein locus, a very low frequency of allele B in German Red cattle was found. In both the breeds, allele E was absent. There was a relatively high frequency of allele L in the growth hormone locus, especially for German Red cattle. The results were compared with frequencies and diversities of other red cattle breeds.
13

Phaseolin seed variability in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by capillary gel electrophoresis

61%
Salmanowicz B. P.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2001
|
vol. 42
|
issue 3
269-281
EN
Phaseolin, the major seed storage protein of Phaseolus vulgaris from forty-four wild and cultivated accessions, was studied using sodium dodecyl sulphate-capillary gel electrophoresis (SDS-CGE). In total, eleven phaseolin profiles, revealing polypeptide subunit variation in the range from 45.6 kDa to 54.4 kDa, were recorded. The number of polypeptide subunits recorded in particular profiles varied from 3 to 6; in total, eight phaseolin subunits were distinguished in the examined material. Ferguson plot analysis was used to correct non-ideal behaviour of phaseolin polypeptide subunits in capillary gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS. The obtained results are compared to electrophoretic data received by slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The SDS-CGE method appears to provide a powerful tool for disclosure of phaseolin subunit variability.
14

Exploration of genetic diversity among Xinjiang Triticum and Triticum polonicum by AFLP markers

61%
Akond M. A. S. M. G., Watanabe N., Furuta Y.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2007
|
vol. 48
|
issue 3
25-33
EN
Seventy-two Xinjiang Triticum and Triticum polonicum accessions were subjected to AFLP analyses to discuss the origin of Triticum petropavlovskyi. A total of 91 putative loci were produced by four primer combinations. Among them 56 loci were polymorphic, which is equivalent to 61.53 % of the total number of putative loci. Genetic diversity among 11 T. petropavlovskyi accessions was narrow due to the lowest number (32) of polymorphic loci among the wheat species. Forty four polymorphic loci were found in T. aestivum and T. compactum, whereas the highest polymorphism was observed in T. polonicum. On the basis of the UPGMA clustering and PCO grouping and genetic similarity estimates from the AFLPs, we noted that T. petropavlovskyi was more closely related to the Chinese accessions of T. polonicum than to T. polonicum from other countries. Two accessions of T. aestivum were grouped with T. petropavlovskyi in the UPGMA clustering. Both of them were similar to T. petropavlovskyi in respect of spike structure, i.e. the presence of awn, glume awn and also the presence of leaf pubescence. Six loci, which were commonly absent in Chinese T. polonicum, were also absent in almost all of the T. petropavlovskyi accessions. Findings of this study reduced the probability of an independent allopolyploidization event in the origin of T. petropavlovskyi and indicated a greater degree of gene flow between T. aestivum and T. polonicum leading to T. petropavlovskyi. It is most likely that the P-gene of T. petropavlovskyi hexaploid wheat was introduced from T. polonicum to T. aestivum via a spontaneous introgression or breeding effort.
15

Application of pollen for studies on genetic diversity with the using of the Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) as example

61%
Sawicka-Sienkiewicz E., Augustyniak H., Pietkiewicz G., Bartkowiak S.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 1
101-111
EN
The cultivated American species Lupinus mutabilis was selected in order to assess its possibilities of being introduced as an alternative high protein crop in Polish conditions. The realized programme involved identification of earlier maturing and higher yielding genotypes as well as interspecific hybridization with lupins belonging to section Albus, which includes the oldest cultivated species Lupinus albus. Recent reports (1) on determination of DNA polymorphism by the PCR method indicate usefulness of direct application of small amounts of pollen. The advantage of this method is the precisely determined and physiologically stable material used for the analysis. Furthermore, pollen can be preserved above the hygroscopic substance at ?20oC for a long time and small amounts of pollen (20-100 grains) can be used for the analysis without any damage to the plant material. For PCR reaction, ten selected primers were used. A polyacrylamide gel comparison of the PCR products revealed that random primers as well as primers which amplified a fragment of the whole gene can be applied to analyse the DNA of polymorphism of L. mutabilis and L. albus. The conclusion is that it is possible to differentiate within both groups of species by application of pollen to DNA analysis.
16

Effect of crop improvement on genetic diversity in oilseed Brassica rapa (turnip-rape) cultivars, detected by SSR markers

61%
Ofori A., Becker C., Kopisch-Obuch F. J.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2008
|
vol. 49
|
issue 3
207-212
EN
With the improvement of seed quality, Brassica rapa oilseed germplasm went through 2 major breeding bottlenecks during the introgression of genes for zero erucic acid content and low glucosinolate content, respectively. This study investigates the impact of these bottlenecks on the genetic diversity in European winter B. rapa by comparing 3 open-pollinated cultivars, each representing a different breeding period. Diversity was estimated on 32 plants per cultivar, with 16 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers covering each of the B. rapa linkage groups. There was no significant loss of genetic diversity over the 3 cultivars as indicated by allele number (ranging from 59 to 55), mean allele number (from 3.68 to 3.50), Shannon information index (from 0.94 to 0.87) and expected heterozygosity (from 0.53 to 0.48). About 83% of the total variation was attributed to within-cultivar variation, and the remaining 17% to between-cultivar variation by analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). Individual plants were separated into the 3 cultivars by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). In conclusion, genetic diversity within cultivars was high and quality breeding in B. rapa did not significantly reduce the genetic diversity of B. rapa winter cultivars, so there is no risk of decline in performance due to quality improvement.
17

Genetic base of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) cultivars in Sri Lanka as revealed by pedigree analysis

61%
Ariyarathna C., Gunasekare K.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2007
|
vol. 48
|
issue 2
125-128
EN
An understanding of genetic diversity and relationships among breeding materials is a prerequisite for crop improvement. Coefficient of parentage (COP) can be used to measure the genetic diversity among genotypes on the basis of pedigree information. In the present study, COP was estimated for 56 cultivars, including commercial tea cultivars developed by the Tea Research Institute of Sri Lanka and their parental lines. Mean COP of the 56 accessions studied was 0.097 and the value was raised up to 0.272 when non-related pair-wise comparisons were excluded. A single cultivar (Assam/Cambod introduction) was the nucleus of the commercial cultivars. Group mean COP of the cultivars derived from Assam/Cambod parentage was 0.17. Thirty-three percent of the pair-wise comparisons had 0.00 COP, highlighting that many cultivars were unrelated. Within the pedigree, 2 major COP clusters were identified: Assam/Cambod open-pollinated half-sib progenies, and full-sib progenies derived from crosses between Assam/Cambod and other parental lines. The elite groups within the pedigree, where Assam/Cambod parentage was concentrated, were also identified. Information generated in this study should be useful for effective utilization of available diversity in future breeding programmes as well as for proper conservation of genetic diversity in the adapted germplasm. This is the first report on estimates of genetic diversity based on COP in a woody perennial crop, such as tea.
18

Genetic diversity of ornamental Allium species and cultivars assessed with isozymes

61%
Krzyminska A., Gawlowska M., Wolko B., Bocianowski J.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2008
|
vol. 49
|
issue 3
213-220
EN
The aim of the study was to verify the similarity of 13 species and 5 cultivars of ornamental alliums and classify them into groups based on morphological and isozyme variation. The work embraced: Allium aflatunense, A. caeruleum, A. christophii, A. giganteum, A. karataviense, A. moly, A. nigrum, A. pyrenaicum, A. rosenbachianum, A. schubertii, A. siculum (syn. Nectaroscordum siculum), A. sphaerocephalon, A. strictum, A. stipitatum 'Album', A. 'Ivory Queen', A. 'Lucy Ball', A. 'Mont Blanc', and A. 'Purple Sensation'. Scape length, inflorescence diameter, and flowering period were recorded. Isozyme marker polymorphism was assessed by starch gel electrophoresis. Eight polymorphic isozyme systems (AAT, GPI, PGM, ALAT, ACP, DIAP, ALDO, PGD) were selected from 16 analysed in the taxa. Besides the differences between the taxa, the isozymes revealed intraspecific polymorphism in 5 systems. A total of 37 markers were obtained and used for dendrogram construction. The most similar taxa were A. karataviense with A. ?Ivory Queen', and A. karataviense with A. christophii (similarity level 0.78). A high similarity of 11 taxa belonging to one group (A. aflatunense, A. christophii, A. giganteum, A. karataviense, A. nigrum, A. schubertii, A. 'Ivory Queen', A. 'Lucy Ball', A. stipitatum 'Album', A. 'Mont Blanc', A. ?Purple Sensation') suggested that this group could be identified with the subgenus Melanocrommyum.
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