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  1. 5 Plinski M.

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1

Composition and abundance of picoplankton in the coastal zone of the Gulf of Gdansk

100%
Glawdel M., Mackiewicz T., Witek Z.
Oceanological Studies
|
1999
|
vol. 28
|
issue 1-2
17-30
EN
With the aid of epifluorescence microscopy, picoplankton (0.2-2mum) in the coastal zone of the Gulf of Gdansk (southern Baltic) was studied from March to December 1997. The main portion of the picoplankton biovolume was comprised of bacteria, making up on average 70% of picoplankton. Autotrophic picoplankton (APP) prevailed over the bacterioplankton only in late August and early September. The main components of APP were cyanobacteria. The APP proportion in the total phytoplankton biomass was highest in summer. The assessment of this share in terms of quantity varied depending on the picoplankton separation method. In the microscopic analysis of unfiltered samples, all cells <2mum were counted as picoplankton, including colony-forming types. Based on the analysis of unfiltered samples, the amount of APP in the overall phytoplankton biomass was assessed at 16-22% in summer, and 0.5-6% in the remaining period. Initial filtration of samples through a 2mum filter caused great losses in APP, resulting mainly in the elimination of colony-forming cyanobacteria cells from samples. Prefiltered samples were also contaminated by cells >2mum. In prefiltered samples the APP proportion in the total phytoplankton biomass was 1-7% in summer and 0.2-3% in the remaining period.
2

Phytobenthos as an indicator of the state of environment of the Gulf of Gdansk

100%
Kruk-Dowgiallo L.
Oceanological Studies
|
1998
|
vol. 27
|
issue 4
105-121
EN
Results of investigations carried out in June 1995 at the same stations as in June 1992 are presented. Only small differences in species composition, biomass and the range of phytobenthos occurrence were observed. Obtained results confirmed that the trends of phytobenthos changes in the Gulf of Gdansk are similar to those in inner Puck Bay, i.e. the existing predomination of brown algae of the Ecto-carpus and Pilayella genera and a decrease of the area of underwater meadows. However, in spite of these changes there still exist natural phytobenthos stands in the Gulf. Therefore, active protection measures will create potential possibilities of reviving the phytocenoses of the Gulf of Gdansk.
3

The use of sequential satellite images for the calculating surface velocity vectors in the waters of the Gulf of Gdansk

80%
Zarki I., Krezel A., Zarki I. K. A.
|
|
issue 3-4
35-44
EN
The Maximum Cross Correlation method (MCC) modified with divergence checking was used to calculate the surface velocity field in the Gulf of Gdansk. The brightness temperature in channel 4 of the AVHRR taken 10 times between 6 and 9 August 1996 served as input data. The surface velocity vector distribution obtained with the use of MCC are compared with the results of a 3D hydrodynamic model and field observation of a drifting rhodamine spill during the POLRODEX?96 experiment
4

A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Gulf of Gdansk

80%
Kowalewski M.
Oceanological Studies
|
1997
|
vol. 26
|
issue 4
77-98
EN
A three-dimensional, baroclinic, hydrodynamic model was based on the coastal ocean circulation model (Blumberg and Mellor 1987) known as POM (Princeton Ocean Model), which was adapted to Baltic conditions. The way of horizontal advection calculation has been modified by using TVD filtration (Total Variation Diminishing) thus oscillations in frontal zones have been elimi-nated. To predict water exchange between the Gulf of Gdansk and the open sea, the model covers the whole Baltic Sea together with the Danish Straits. The model has been verified based on three-year simulation of spreading of freshwater introduced by 49 biggest rivers. The influence of wind has been taken into account assuming the variable fields of shear stress every 6 hours. Thermic conditions have been affected by heat fluxes calculated from meteorological data. Calculated and measured salinity and temperature distributions are in relatively good accordance for the surface layer. Seasonal changes in vertical distributions of temperature as well as formation and disappearance of thermocline have been approximated properly.
5

Long-term trends of concentration of nitrates, phosphates and oxygen in the Gulf of Gdansk

80%
Nowacki J., Kowalewski M., Krezel A.
Oceanological Studies
|
1993
|
issue 64/3
123-130
6

The composition, abundance and distribution of dinoflagellates in the Gulf of Gdansk in the years 1992-1994

80%
Plinski M., Dobron K.
Oceanological Studies
|
1999
|
vol. 28
|
issue 1-2
41-49
EN
The quantitative and qualitative analysis of dinoflagellates from samples taken in the years from 1992 to 1994 in the Gulf of Gdansk has been done. The following species was identified: Hetero-capsa triquetra, Dinophysis norvegica, D. acuminata, Peridinium balticum, P. aciculiferum, P. pellucidum, P. curvipes, P. brevipes, Peridiniella catenata, Gonyaulax triacanta, Prorocentrum micans. The highest quantity of dinoflagellates was observed in May 1994.
7

Mortality of aquatic birds in the Gulf of Gdansk as a result of oil pollution

80%
Meissner W.
|
|
issue 1-2
151-157
EN
Poland is one of the few countries around the Baltic Sea where the mortality of aquatic birds due to oil pollution has been monitored since the 1960s.The most comprehensive data has been gathered in the Gulf of Gdansk region.During the sixties and seventies Polish coastal waters were permanently comtaminated by numerous though relatively small leaks from port installations, ships and fishing cutters.The density of dead, oiled birds was then high and ranged from 3-5 individuals per km.The 1980s witnessed a rapid decline in the number of oiled birds, owing probably to the tightening of puntative measures against the perpetrators of marine pollution, and to the recession, which also affected the maritime economy.Furthermore, the source of contamination had moved, a fact endorsed by the species composition of the dead birds recovered.At present, far fewer patroleum-based contaminants enter to open sea; the major sources of such pollution are now to be found on the coast.
8

Thermohaline conditions in the Gdansk Basin

80%
Cyberska B., Krzyminski W.
|
|
issue 1-2
17-39
EN
The analysis of thermohaline conditions in the Gdansk Basin in the period 1989-1993 is presented against the background of long-term changes.The assessment is based on daily measurements of temperature and salinity at shore stations (Gdynia, Hel, Wladyslawowo) and the results from observations during monthly research cruises.The most characteristic feature of this period was deep stagnetion from 1979 onwards, with declining tendencies in salinity and density reported in all layers of the water column; the negative trend in water temperature was retarded, however, in January and December 1993 and March 1994 substantial inflows of saline water from the North Sea caused a temporary increase in salinity in the Gdansk Basin, at the same time raising and strengthening the halocine.
9

Distribution of indole-3-acetic acid in seawater and marine sediments of the Gulf of Gdansk

80%
Mazur H.
Oceanological Studies
|
1994
|
issue 67/10
27-32
EN
HPLC method was used to detect the presence of auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in seawater and sediments of the Gulf of Gdansk.In spring considerably higher concentration of IAA was measured in sediments and near-bottom water than in surface water.The concentration of IAA changes with season and sampling statin and it seems to depend on process undergoing in the marine environment.
10

Short-term fluctuations of chlorophyll alpha fluorescence versus diurnal variations of solar radiation in the surface water of the Gdansk Basin

80%
Magulski R., Falkowska L., Dunajska D., Pryputniewicz D., Sikorowicz S.
Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies
|
2004
|
issue 3
57-68
EN
Measurements of chlorophyll alpha fluorescence accompanied by solar radiation measurements were carried out during two spring cruises in the region of the Gdansk Basin. Chlorophyll alpha fluorescence, similarly to that of chlorophyll alpha concentration in the seawater, showed considerable diurnal variability. The measurements provided statistically significant negative correlation coefficients that indicated that chlorophyll a fluorescence is inhibited as solar PAR and UV radiation intensity increases. The approximate range of radiation intensity that corresponded to a clearly marked decline in chlorophyll a fluorescence and chlorophyll alpha concentration was determined. It was revealed that the decline in chlorophyll alpha concentration in the surface water layer resulted from the photodegradation of chlorophyll alpha as well as phytoplankton grazing. In both cases, the resulting observation was an increase of pheophytine a concentration. The vertical migration of phytoplankton was identified as an additional process induced by high radiation levels.
11

Application of the hydroacoustic methods to the detailed determination of the seafloor condition in the area of roadsteads and anchorages

80%
Rudowski S., Gajewski G. L., Gajewski L., Jezionek J. E., Jezionek E.
Oceanological Studies
|
2000
|
vol. 29
|
issue 3
85-92
EN
The detailed study of the bottom condition of the Anchorage No. 3 of the Gdynia roadstead is presented. The study applies the integrated system of the modern hydroacoustic methods (mainly a multi-beam echosounder, side-scan sonar and subbottom profiler). Results of the hydroacoustic recordings were interpreted using data from grab and core samples as well as a floor inspection done by ROV system of the underwater TV. The morphology and character of the bottom were recognised thoroughly including effects of the human activity (dredging, trace of anchors, presence of anthropo-genic objects etc.). The digital bathymetric map and the map of surface sediments of the bottom test field were prepared. The bottom condition was determined as the area of the gravitational sedimentation of silty-clayey sediments, which have strongly changed anthropogenicly to the depth of 0.5-1.0 metre below bottom level. The obtained results point to the high efficiency of the applied research method. The conducted manner of recording, together with adequate calibration and equipment adaptation to the local conditions allow applying the methodology to future routine studies of the sea bottom for determination its condition. Also, a valuable cognitive material related to the geological structure of the bottom was collected.
12

Occurrence of blue-green algae in the phytoplankton of the Gulf of Gdansk in the years 1994-1997

80%
Witek B., Plinski M.
Oceanological Studies
|
1998
|
vol. 27
|
issue 3
77-82
EN
The development of the blue-green algae in the Gulf of Gdansk begins in May and lasts till October. To the stable compo-nents of the filamentous forms belong Aphanizomenon-flos aquae, Nodularia spumigena, Planktolynbya limnetica, Pseudanabaena limnetica and Planktothrix sp. The coccoid forms are represented by Snowella septentrionalis, S. lacustris, Merismopedia punctata, M. tenuissima, Woronichinia compacta, Rabdogloea linearis, Cyanodictyon imper,fectum, C.planctonicum. In the years 1992 and 1993 the openwater area of the Gulf of Gdansk was characterised by the summer (July) domination of two species of blue-green algae: Microcystis aeruginosa and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. The presence of Nodularia spumigena was also noticed. In 1994, the extremely dense bloom of Nodularia spumigena occurred with the biomass increase to 130 mg?C? m^3. The intensity of this bloom could be linked to temperature which in summer 1994 was very high and reached over 22?C. In the years 1996 and 1997, temperature did not attained so high values and the intensity of blooms was lower.
13

Simulation of suspended particulate matter transport in the Gulf of Gdansk during 1996

80%
Brandke K.
Oceanological Studies
|
1997
|
vol. 26
|
issue 4
123-132
EN
The initial results of modelling of suspended matter (SPM) concentration are presented. The three-dimensional model proposed allows one to calculate the transport, erosion and deposi-tion of a mineral part of seston in the Gulf of Gdansk. The loads of SPM from rivers, atmosphere and the open sea, based on either real data or other model simulations, are included. In this model, the settling velocity of seston particles is assumed to be proportional to the Stokes' one computed for particles of 4 mm in diameter. Erosion and deposition rates depend on the bed shear velocity computed from hydrodynamic model. Results of computations corresponding to a period of one year are compared with in situ ob-servations carried out in the 1996 year and satellite data. In general, horizontal and vertical distri-butions of mineral SPM concentration computed from the model show a characteristic for this area pattern of water turbidity, however, quantitatively the results obtained are in rather poor accordance with real values.
14

Influence of the Gdansk - east wastewater treatment plant on the coastal zone of the Gulf of Gdansk - hydrodynamic aspects

80%
Robakiewicz M.
Oceanological Studies
|
2000
|
vol. 29
|
issue 4
97-108
EN
The Gdansk - East Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) with its predicted average discharge of 2 m3 s-1 is the largest treatment plant with an outfall pointing into the Gulf of Gdansk. The discharge of only mechanically treated wastes into the final kilometre of the River Wisla gave rise to serious environmental problems in the coastal zone. This paper discusses the situation in 1995 and the possible relocation of the outfall based on hydrodynamic conditions. Numerical modelling has been applied to estimate the area influenced by treated water discharged at a variety of locations. The analysis indicates that the optimum location for the outfall would be approximately 2500 metres offshore.
15

The state of environment of the gulf of Gdansk coast-al zone in autumn 1994 and summer 1995

80%
Kruk-Dowgiallo L., Dubrawski R.
Oceanological Studies
|
1998
|
vol. 27
|
issue 4
137-159
EN
Results of monitoring carried out in the coastal zone between Kuznica and Gorki Wschodnie (down to 20 m depth) in autumn 1994 and summer 1995 are presented. These investigations were a continuation of measurements taken in the areas of Hel and Krynica Morska in summer 1992 (down to the 60 m depth). The state and directions of seasonal and multi-annual changes of chemical, micro-biological and biological properties of the water and sediment environment of the Gulf's coastal zone are discussed. The results of presented investigations and of experimental research carried out in the Gulf of Gdansk environment were the basis for the development of a system for protection and regeneration of the biocenosis of the Gulf.
16

Total mercury content in fish from the Gulf of Gdansk

80%
Falandysz J., Piotrowska M., Wlodarczyk J., Chwir A., Marcinowicz^A., Marcinowicz A.
Oceanological Studies
|
1994
|
issue 67/10
59-64
EN
Concentratin of total mercury was determined in muscle tissue of cod Gadus morhua, herring Clupea harengus, eel Anguilla anguilla, calpout Zoarces viviparus, perch Perca fluvitalis, pikeperch Stizostedion lucioperca, sand eel Hyperoplus lanceolatus, round goby Negobius melanostomus, brown trout Salmo trutta, trout Salmo gairdneri, flounder Platychtis flesus, turbot Psetta mazima, smelt Osmerus eperlanus and sculpin Cottus scorpius caught in the Gulf of Gdansk in 1986-1993.The measurements of mercury concentrations were performed by the method of cold vapour atomic absorption spectrmetry (CV-AAS), after wet digestion of samples with concentrated nitric acid.The highest mean concentration of mercury was found in eelpout, the lowest one in pikeperch.The possitive linear correlations has been found between the body length and mercury concentration in perch, eelpout, sand launce and flounder.
17

Temporal and spatial variations in particle concentrations and size distributions in the Gulf of Gdansk

80%
Brandke K., Latala A., Czabanski P.
Oceanological Studies
|
1997
|
vol. 26
|
issue 2-3
39-59
EN
Measurements of suspended particle (diameter in the 4-30 mum range) concentrations and their sizes (using a Multisizer II Coulter Counter) carried out in the Gulf of Gdansk from May 1992 to December 1993 were used for studies of the temporal and spatial variability of particle size distributions. The quantity of suspended particles in Puck Bay waters was characteristically less variable both in the vertical and in the horizontal than was the open Gulf of Gdansk, which is influenced to some extent by the waters of the river Vistula. In Puck Bay, surface particle concentrations were usually in the range 1.6?103-1.0?104 cm-3, in the open Gulf of Gdansk they were 1.6?103-2.0?104 cm-3. The Vistula strongly influenced the concentration of larger particles and the shape of the particle size distribution curves just off the river mouth. The particle size distribution curves characteristic of the Gulf of Gdansk display, in general, the hyperbolic shape typical of marine suspensions. In waters with a relatively high concentration of particles, some additional increase in particle number in the diameter range of 10-20 ?m or just below 10 mum was recorded. During the year, three periods of maximum particle concentrations occurred. Two of them, in spring and autumn, were found to be related to maximum chlorophyll a concentrations. The best correlation between particle numbers and chlorophyll a content was found for particles with diameter D more than 10 mum for two classes of suspensions: with high (r=0.88) and low (r=0.82) particle concentrations occurring in the presence of the same chlorophyll a concentration.
18

The seasonal and short-term variability of zooplankton taxonomic composition in the shallow coastal area of the Gulf of Gdansk

80%
Bielecka L., Gaj G. M., Gaj M., Mudrak M. S., Mudrak S., Zmijewska Z. M. I., Zmijewska M. I.
Oceanological Studies
|
2000
|
vol. 29
|
issue 1
57-76
EN
Seasonal and short-term variability of zooplankton taxonomic composition in the shallow coastal area of the Gulf of Gdansk was reconstructed from analyses of material collected at weekly intervals between March 1998 and March 1999, using a Kopenhagen net with a 50 ?m-mesh size. Water temperature was also measured during the investigations, which enabled precise monitoring of the seasonality in the area. The contribution of a particular species and its density varied seasonally and, in the majority of cases, even weekly. On the one hand, the diversity and instability of particular zooplankton components were observed; on the other hand, though, the long-term presence and domination of species commonly inhabiting the waters of the Gulf of Gdansk (Acartia spp.) were confirmed to be independent of environmental conditions, especially, temperature. Frequent plankton catches resulted in identification of periods of fast qualitative changes within zooplankton and precise definition of the time when a particular taxon occurs. The time of dominance in major taxonomic zooplankton groups lasted: Tintinnina - 17 weeks, Rotatoria - 9 weeks, Copepoda - 2 weeks. Cladocera never was a dominant taxon.
19

A diatom record of late Holocene environmental changes in the Gulf of Gdansk

80%
Witak M.
Oceanological Studies
|
2000
|
vol. 29
|
issue 2
57-74
EN
The aim of this study was to analyse fossil and subfossil diatom floras preserved in a sediment core taken from the Gulf of Gdansk, near the eastern end of the Hel Peninsula. The diatom record, supported by lithology and radiocarbon data, indicates environmental changes during the later stages of development of the Baltic Sea. In the Litorina Sea stage the diatom flora developed under marine conditions, whereas during the Post-Litorina stage there was a decrease in salinity. During the Subatlantic period the sublittoral diatom flora was replaced by shallow water diatoms originating from the coastal zone, and were redeposited in the deeper part of the basin. In the surface sediments the change to a presumably anthropogenically-influenced diatom flora can be attributed to the eutrophication of the Gulf of Gdansk.
20

A model of matter exchange and flow of energy in the Gulf of Gdansk ecosystem - overview

80%
Jedrasik J.
Oceanological Studies
|
1997
|
vol. 26
|
issue 4
3-20
EN
A conception of the ecological model of the Gulf of Gdansk is presented. The model includes both the inflow of matter from land and the flow of energy into the environment of the Gulf. The model consists in submodels which solve the following issues: the inflow of solar energy into the sea surface, light penetration into the deeper parts of the sea, river advection, heat balance at the sea surface, production of organic matter, the spread of suspended matter as well as bacteria and three dimensional hydrodynamics. Configuration and short descriptions of these submodels are given.
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