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1

Structure and function of T lymphocyte TCR/CD3 complex

100%
Bocko D., Frydecka I.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2003
|
vol. 57
|
issue 5
519-529
EN
The multichain T cell receptor/CD3 complex (TCR/CD3) plays a key role in antigen recognition, further T cell activation and in consequence in triggering an antigen specific immune response. This process is induced by direct interaction of the TCR receptor with an antigen bound to the major histocompatibile compex on antigen-presenting cells. Upon the structural and functional cooperation of TCR receptor with CD3 complex, the activating signal is transmitted through the cell membrane to the nucleus. The pivotal role in signaling cascade plays CD3-zeta () chain, which triggers many biochemical events and second messenger activation, leading to the transcriptional factors expression and further T cell proliferation, effector function augmentation and cytokine production.
2

The biological role and function of basement membranes. Filter barrier of glomerulus

100%
Steciwko A., Sapilak B. J.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2000
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vol. 54
|
issue 2
199-211
EN
This article presents the latest information about biological functions of ba sement membranes. We drew a special attention to glomerular basement membrane. Besides, this article contains information about filter barrier and interactions between basal membranes and tissues.
3

The neonatal receptor Fc-gamma (FcRn) ? structure and function

100%
Mikulska J. E.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2001
|
vol. 55
|
issue 4
487-511
EN
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is named for the source from which it was first purified, the intestinal epithelium of neonatal rats. The human homologue of FcRn was first found in the placenta, where is presumably involved in transfer of maternal IgG to the fetus. FcRn has since been found in capillary endothelium, intestinal epithelium and other tissues. More recent data has indicated that FcRn has a function beyond the transfer of maternal IgG ? the maintenance of constant serum IgG levels. This review summarizes the status of our knowledge on the structure, expression and function of the neonatal Fc? receptor.
4

Dopamine receptors: structure, characterization and functions

100%
Zawilska J. B.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2003
|
vol. 57
|
issue 3
293-322
EN
Dopamine (DA) is an important neurotransmitter/neuromodulator that plays various functions within the body. In the central nervous system, DA is involved in the control of locomotion, cognition, emotion, neuroendocrine secretion and function of retinal cells. In the periphery, DA participates in the regulation of homeostasis, vascular tone and hormone secretion. The diverse physiological functions of DA are mediated by at least five distinct membrane bound receptors, i.e. D1 and D5 -members of D1 family, and D2, D3, D4 ? members of D2 family of DA receptors. All DA receptors belong to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. This survey summarizes current knowledge on the molecular and pharmacological characterization of DA receptors, their role in the regulation of various processes in an organism, and involvement in the therapy of several disorders, in particular in the treatment of Parkinson?s disease, schizophrenia, and hypertension.
5

Granules of human neutrophils

100%
Wysocka J., Lipartowska R., Lipska A.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2001
|
vol. 55
|
issue 1
177-188
EN
The exocytosis of cytoplasmic granules plays a most important role in the regulation of many neutrophils functions: adhesion, phagocytosis, killing of bacteria and interaction with endothelial cells. Neutrophils contain following types of granules: azurophilic (primary) granules, specific (secondary) granules, gelatinase-rich tertiary granules and secretory vesicles. Neutrophil granules may be classified on the basis of their size, morphology, density or with reference to a given protein.
6

Human gastrointestinal tract mucins encoded by the MUC gene family

88%
Paszkiewicz-Gadek A., Porowska H.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2000
|
vol. 54
|
issue 2
183-198
EN
Epithelial mucins, MUC gene products, are widely expressed in human organs such as airwais, the urogenital and gastrointestinal tracts, and the eyes. MUC-type mucins have very large sizes and comlex structures with very extensive O-glycosylation and are regarded as protective molecules. The aim of this review is to discuss mucin glycoproteins structure, biosynthesis and functions in normal and pathologicaly altered epithelial mucosa of human gastrointestinal tract.
7

Functions of the HC-Pro proteins encoded by plant viruses from the family Potyviridae

88%
Syller J.
|
2007
|
issue 4
140-156
EN
The helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) encoded by plant viruses representing the genus Potyvirus (family Potyviridae) is involved in several important viral life processes, including aphid transmission, systemic movement and suppression of post-transcriptional gene silencing. Some of the viruses belonging to the family of the genera Ipomovirus, Rymovirus and Tritimovirus have been demonstrated to produce HC-Pro homologues that are likely to be engaged in vector transmission of these viruses alone. In this paper, the current knowledge of the structure, main functions and molecular mechanisms of the HC-Pro proteins encoded by viruses from the family Potyviridae is presented.
8

Structure, function, and polymorphism of the growth hormone receptor gene in humans and in animals

75%
Maj A., Zwierzchowski L.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 1
85-107
EN
Growth hormone (GH) plays a central role in the regulation of growth and metabolism in animals and in humans. At the tissue levels, the pleiotropic actions of GH are mediated through their cell-surface receptor - GHR. The GHR belongs to the hematopoietic receptor superfamily. In mammals, GHR is the product of a single gene. In all studied, species GHR gene characterizes a complex structure of exon 1, coding for the 5'-untraslated region (5'-UTR). Several transcripts from the GHR gene were found differing by the presence of various length 5'-UTRs, resulting from the alternative splicing of the exon 1 fragments to a common splice site located 11-bp in the human and in bovine GHR gene exon 2. Numerous nucleotide sequence polymorphisms were found in the human GHR gene; some of them, those associated to GH resistance, were identified as the causative mutations of growth retardation, e.g. Laron's syndrome. In farm animals, genes coding for GH and GHR are obvious candidates for quantitative trait markers. Several polymorphic sites have been identified in the bovine GHR gene. At least in two cases, an association was reported between GHR gene polymorphism and performance traits. Detection of additional polymorphisms is necessary to help investigating the role of GHR variation in the production traits of the cattle. This article includes a review of literature on structure, function and polymorphism within GHR gene. Also, there are mentioned new data concerning the polymorphism recently identified by authors in the bovine GHR gene.
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