An interest in cellulase-free ?-1,4-xylanase production has markedly increased in recent years due to its bio-friendly applications in the pulp and food industry. In the presented paper, the synthesis and function of its regulatory control system in different organisms were highlighted. The influence of various cultivation conditions such as substrate availability, temperature, pH, inducers and agitation on the formation of xylanase in relation to other enzymes was also discussed. Strain modifications by mutation and gene technology, followed by cultivation to obtain a cellulase-free ?-1,4-xylanase were also presented. In addition, applications of xylanase for bleaching in the pulp industry, clarification of beer or juice, maceration of vegetables, improvement of bread quality, liberation of fibres from hemp and flax as well as improvement of animal feeds were mentioned.
Food industry wastewater is usually characterized by a high biological load as well as elevated temperature. A new and promising technology for rapid and effective biodegradation of such hot and high loaded wastewater is thermophilic aerobic biodegradation process. It is characterized by higher, in comparison with mesophilic processes, substrate degradation, rapid inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms and low production of activated sludge. High biodegradation rate shortens the time of the process and reduces the required volume of bioreactors. Disadvantages of the aerobic thermophilic process are associated with costs of aeration of bioreactors, low capabilities of thermophilic microflora for flocculation, and problems with foaming during fermentation.
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