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1

Ability to make flowers of Pharbitis nil plants regenerated from flower buds and immature zygotic embryos

100%
Trejgell A., Tretyn A.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 2
118-121
EN
Flower buds and immature embryos of P. nil Chois., which were grown in vivo , were material for the study. Flower bud (2-3 mm size) were treated with osmotic/trophic shock (12% sucrose) for 24h. After this time these explants were exposed on regeneration medium (MS supplemented with BAP in concentration 5 mg.dm-3 and NAA in concentration 0,1 mg.dm-3). After 4-6 weeks organogenesis of shoots was observed. Plantlets were isolated and transferred on MS medium with addition of GA3 [0,5 mg.dm-3] and NAA [0,1 mg.dm-3]. The plantlets developed into whole plants. Those plants were able to produce flower without photoperiodic induction, because these shoots regenerated from inducted tissue and ?remembered? this information. Immature embryos were isolated from previously sterilised fruit and afterwards transferred to MS without plant hormones. The embryos were cut across their axis. After 4-6 weeks of cultivation somatic embryos were formed in the injury place (hypocotyl region). These embryos were isolated and transferred on the same medium, which was used in shoots regenerated from flower buds. Embryos were converted into complete plants, but they weren?t able to flower without photoperiodic induction. However even the smallest embryos, which were used to our study (1 mm long) were able to flower, after a single induction cycle (16 hour of darkness), when the induction was given directly after isolation of embryos.
2

Application of callus tissue in the studies on molecular mechanism of flower induction

100%
Szyp I., Dabrowska G., Tretyn A.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 2
165-169
EN
Flowering is a crucial turning point in the life cycle of most plants. The process of flowering is controlled by external factors such as light and temperature. Floral induction is the first step in the transition from the vegetative to reproductive stage of development. In the photoperiodically sensitive plants this process is regulated by the duration of light and darkness during a 24-h cycle. The aim of our study was to determine whether the undifferentiated callus tissue obtained from cotyledons, is suitable for molecular investigations on the mechanisms of flower induction. The callus tissue was obtained from cotyledons of Pharbitis nil plants, which were cultivated in inductive or non-inductive conditions. The callus obtained after two subcultures was used for isolation of RNA. The total RNA was extracted as described by Chomczynski (1993). We have examined the changes in the pattern of RNA in these two types of callus, using the technique of differential display by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Differential display is a method for the identification and cloning of differentially expressed eucaryotic genes. We have found the differences between patterns of RNA derived from callus tissue cultivated under non-inductive conditions and callus tissue cultivated under inductive conditions. In conclusion we can suggest that the tested callus preserved the information on the photoperiodic induction in cells. The process of undifferentiation did not result in the loss of the properties acquired by cotyledon tissue during the photoperiodic treatment.
3

Arabidopsis as a model system to study the regulation of flowering time

100%
Coupland G.
Biotechnologia
|
1996
|
issue 1
26-39
EN
The time that plants flower is often tightly regulated and adapted to the locations in which they grow.The basis of this regulation has been analysed using genetic and physiological approaches since the early decades of this country.The study of flowering time in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana has allowed many genes involved in regulating fowering time to be identified as mutations, and the genetic interactions between these mutations have been studied. Furthermore, two genes required to promote flowering of Arabidopsis have recently been isolated, and their sequences have provided some insight into the identity of proteins involved in regulating flowering time.
4

Time as a growth and development factor of plants not only in in vitro cultures

75%
Dubert F., Plazek A.
Biotechnologia
|
2006
|
issue 4
49-63
EN
The paper deals with time as a physical (space-time coordinate with specific properties and measure methods) as well as biological concept. Biological time is running differently taking in account various organizational levels like cell, cell organelles, whole organism and, finally, population or species. Time is a factor that regulates plant ontogenesis. In many plant species, time regulates seed dormancy and plant vernalization, photoperiodism and circadian rhythms. Time sets in motion the 'biological clock' which controls physiological and biochemical processes in plant, particularly the rate of enzymatic reactions, oscillation processes (circadian or annual rhythms), as well as internal 'cell clock' deciding upon the length of cell life as well as the rate of cell ageing processes. Senescence or death of particular cells do not mean death of the whole organism. In numerous plant species, death of individual cell is even a factor determining survival of the whole plant. The plant senescence is regulated by phytohormones such as abscisic acid, cytokinins or auxins. Time gathers new meaning in in vitro cultures. It may differ with respect to stable cell suspension culture in many cases maintaining an ability for cell multiplication for many years as compared to another fast regenerating cultures. The influence of various stress factors under in vitro conditions enables the'switching on' the clock controlling the processes of cell multiplication and differentiation.
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