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Light activation of phospholipase A2 in the photoreceptor of the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)

100%
Kashiwagi T., Meyer-Rochow V. B., Nishimura K., Eguchi E.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2000
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vol. 60
|
issue 1
9-16
EN
Retinal lipids of crayfish, kept at 4oC under continuous darkness for 3 weeks, consisted mainly of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE); sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylserine (PS) were minor contributors. PI, involved in the phototransduction cascade, never reached greater concentrations than 7% of the total. High concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 (DHA, docosahexaenoic acid) were present in PC, PE and PS, but scarce in SM and PI. In retinae of crayfish kept at 4oC in darkness for 3 weeks and then exposed to white light (6 h; ca. 4,500 lx), SM and PS remained seemingly unaffected. PC, however, significantly decreased within 10 min to 65% of the initial value and 50% at 180 min. To study the reduction of PC, lipids of retinae suspended in physiological solution with/without phospholipase C (PLC) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitors such as DMDA (=DEDA), manoalide, ET-18-OCH3, and U-73122 were measured. Only free fatty acids (FFA) of retinae with inhibitors of PLA2 like DMDA and manoalide decreased. Retinae irradiated by white light for 3 h displayed a significant reduction of PC, compared with those that had remained in continuous darkness. However, the PC of retinae with PLA2-inhibitors was not decreased by light. Our results provide evidence that not only photoreceptor cell PLC, but also PLA2 is activated by light.
2

Microbial conversion of plant waste lipids

86%
Tomasik J., Bednarski W., Kowalewska E.
Biotechnologia
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1993
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issue 3
196-207
EN
after solvent refining process were used as a carbon source for cultivation of and ATCC 20509. Biomass yield varied from 3.8 g d.m./l to 19.9 g d.m./l and lipids yield varied 1.0 g/l to 10.6 g/l. Lipids utilization in medium varied from 15.0% to 85.4%. Process efficiency, and percentage composition of fatty acids of intracellular lipids and grease remaining in the medium depend first of all on medium composition, type of microorganisms used, temperature and time cultivation.
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