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Phylogenetic analysis of house dust mites

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EN
House dust mites live in house dusts and affect the health of humans. Among the many species, Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and Euroglyphus maynei have been found to be commonly associated with Ig-E-mediated allergic diseases. As a result, there is increasing effort to develop methods for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by these species. The purpose of the current study was to explore the evolutionary relationships among house dust mites. After adult D. farinae were separated and isolated for total RNA extract, the cDNA coding for Der f 1 and Der f 2 were cloned and sequenced. Then amino acid sequences for group 1 and 2 allergens of two of the most common house dust mites, D. pteronyssinus, E. maynei, were obtained from databases. Interestingly, homological analysis of amino acid sequences showed that both Der p 1 and Der p 2 from D. pteronyssinus had more similarities to Eur m 1 and Eur m 2, respectively, than they had to Der f 1 and Der f 2 from D. farinae. In the phylogenetic trees, D. pteronyssinus clustered with E. maynei, but not with D. farinae, although D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae belong to the same genus according to morphological taxonomy. It was previously assumed that D. pteronyssinus was more similar to E. maynei than to D. farinae at evolutionary levels.
EN
Dust mites are microscopic arachnids (mostly of Pyroglyphidae family) living in every house. Such atopic diseases as bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis may be caused by dust mites allergens. The aim of this paper is to review the literature pertaining to the prophylactic methods used against dust mites allergens. The fi rst step should be an evaluation of optimal conditions for dust mites growth. The next, generally recommended steps include an elimination of organisms by rubbing the surface, airing, frequent dusting with an aquatic vacuum cleaner or with HEPA fi lter, laundering, applicating covers with microphase and acaricides. The recent systematic reviews show however, that all these prophylactic measures fail to reduce signifi cantly the risk of dust mites related allergies.
PL
Roztocze kurzu domowego są pajęczakami o mikroskopijnej wielkości, żyjącymi w każdym domu. Należą one głównie do rodziny Pyroglyphidae. U człowieka roztocze mogą wywoływać choroby atopowe takie jak: astma oskrzelowa, nieżyt nosa, czy wyprysk atopowy. Celem pracy jest przegląd literatury poświęconej metodom profilaktycznym, stosowanym w alergii na roztocze kurzu domowego. Pierwszym krokiem w profilaktyce anty-roztoczowej jest rozpoznanie ich optymalnych warunków rozwojowych. Kolejny etap to usunięcie rezerwuarów kurzu z otoczenia człowieka. Zalecane jest m.in. częste sprzątanie i przecieranie powierzchni, wietrzenie pomieszczeń, częste odkurzanie odkurzaczami wodnymi lub z filtrem HEPA, pranie pościeli, stosowanie pokrowców z tzw. mikrofazy oraz akarycydów. Są to metody powszechnie stosowane w walce z narażeniem na alergeny kurzu domowego. Systematyczny przegląd literatury wskazuje jednak, iż stosowane dotychczas metody fizyczne i chemiczne nie przynoszą oczekiwanych efektów w profilaktyce chorób alergicznych.
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