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EN
In the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are supposed to be involved and may have diagnostic/prognostic value. Serum levels of MT1-MMP, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were quantified by ELISA and zymography in 22 EDMD patients and 15 age-matched controls. In the autosomal-dominant EDMD MMP-2 and MT1-MMP were increased in all cases, and MMP-9 was increased in two of the eight examined patients. In the X-linked EDMD MMP-2 expression was increased in all the cases, MMP-9 level was elevated in 3 of the 14 cases, and MT1-MMP was decreased in eight of these patients. There was no evident correlation between the MMPs level and the different cardiac parameters including left-ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left atrial diameter and left ventricular ejection fraction in either form of EDMD. The presented results indicate that a changed level of matrix metalloproteinases, especially that of MMP-2 in serum, may be of value for detection of cardiac involvement in EDMD patients, especially in those patients with no evident subjective cardiac symptoms. Further follow-up studies of MMPs are needed to check if their determination is of value for monitoring of the progression of atrial/ventricular dilatation. MMPs determinations may also be useful for monitoring DCM treatment by synthetic MMPs inhibitors.
EN
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is characterized by various degrees of cardiac involvement. It concerns clinically asymptomatic patients, patients with arrhythmia, and patients with heart failure due to systolic dysfunction. Cardiomyopathy due to EDMD may lead to sudden cardiac death. The variations in the clinical picture of cardiomyopathy in the two forms of EDMD with regard to the type of inheritance are still unclear. The following paper discusses the most recent papers concerning cardiac complications in EDMD and possibilities of their prevention and therapy. Various cardiologic complications in context of different laminopathies have been presented. It lays particular emphasis on the comprehensiveness of treatment and the interdisciplinary nature of the issue.
PL
Dystrofia mięśniowa typu Emery’ego-Dreifussa (EDMD) charakteryzuje się m.in. różnego stopnia zajęciem mięśnia sercowego. Pacjenci pozostają nierzadko bezobjawowi mimo istotnego uszkodzenia mięśnia sercowego. Kardiomiopatia towarzysząca EDMD może przebiegać z niegroźnymi nadkomorowymi zaburzeniami rytmu, zaburzeniami przewodnictwa przedsionkowo-komorowego wymagającymi niejednokrotnie implantacji układu stymulującego, różnego stopnia bezobjawową dysfunkcją skurczową. Zajęcie mięśnia sercowego może być przyczyną nagłego zgonu. Pytanie o różnice w obrazie kardiologicznym pacjentów z EDMD rozwijającym się na podłożu dwóch różnych defektów genetycznych o odmiennym typie dziedziczenia wciąż pozostaje otwarte. W pracy uwzględniono najnowsze dane dotyczące powikłań kardiologicznych u pacjentów z EDMD, dyskutowano możliwości prewencji i terapii kardiomiopatii towarzyszącej chorobie, jak również zaprezentowano powikłania kardiologiczne w perspektywie innych laminopatii. Podkreślono znaczenie kompleksowej opieki i interdyscyplinarność zagadnienia.
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