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1

Activation Limulus amebocyte by endotoxins

100%
Kaca W.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
1996
|
vol. 50
|
issue 5
447-457
EN
Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test is commonly used for the detection of trace amounts of endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides, LPS). The mechanisms, LPS structural requirements and limitations of LAL tests are presented.
2

Sialic acid containing lipopolysaccharides

80%
Gamian A.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
1996
|
vol. 50
|
issue 5
459-472
EN
Sialic acids which are important constituents of animal tissue glycoconjugates are also present in antigens of some bacterial strains. Capsular polysaccharides with sialic acid have been extensively studied whereas little is known on lipopolysaccharides which contain sialic acid. The paper presents review of the data concerning structure of bacterial endotoxic lipopolysaccharides. Methodological peculiarities were described. Specially emphasized were endotoxins of Escherichia coli O24, O56, O104, Salmonella toucra O48, Citrobacter freundii O37 and Hafnia alvei strain PCM2386.
3

Lipopolysaccharides of the genus Proteus

80%
Sidorczyk Z.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
1996
|
vol. 50
|
issue 5
401-417
EN
In this review up-to-date knowledge on chemical structure and epitope specificity of Proteus lipopolysaccharides is summarized, with special emphasis to P. penneri LPS
4

Studies on glycyl componenet of lipopolysaccharides

80%
Mieszala M., Gamian A.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
1996
|
vol. 50
|
issue 5
525-528
EN
The aminoacyl analysis of endotoxic lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from several bacteria revealed essential amounts of glycine, among the inherent LPS components. Glycine as a single amino acid was found only in a core part of LPS. The results indicate that amino acid is an integral constituent of core oligosaccharide in lipopolysaccharide.
5

Strategies for prevention of Gram-negative sepsis and septic shock

80%
Lukasiewicz J., Lugowski C.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2003
|
vol. 57
|
issue 3
251-262
EN
Septic shock is the most severe manifestation of infection and appears to be increasingly common, especially in the intensive care units. Lipopolisaccharides (LPS, endotoxin) are known to be responsible for the initiation of sepsis and septic shock, therefore they can be targets for new preventive and therapeutic strategies. This review focuses on endotoxin-based molecular strategies for the prevention and treatment of Gram-negative sepsis and septic shock.
6

Routine clinical laboratory tests correspond to increased serum levels of 3-hydroxy fatty acids, markers of endotoxins, in cardiosurgery patients

80%
Krasnik L., Szponar B., Walczak M., Larsson L., Gamian A.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2006
|
vol. 54
|
issue 1
55-60
EN
Introduction: Endotoxemia developing during cardiosurgery as elevated endotoxin concentrations in patient's serum may prevail over 24 h after operation. A major reason is thought to be increased gut permeability resulting in endotoxin and bacterial leakage. In this study we aimed to measure endotoxin levels on samples obtained during and after cardiovascular procedures and compare them with clinical observations and laboratory test results. Materials and Methods: 3-Hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH FAs) of 10?18 carbon chain length, chemical markers of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), were determined in patient sera by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based analysis. Results were compared with routine laboratory tests: blood morphology, urine, ALT, AST, bilirubin, kidney parameters, clotting parameters, and gasometry. Results: Of a total of 16 patients, 5 patients (group I) showed increased serum 3-OH FA levels and 11 patients (group II) did not show any change in 3-OH FA levels 24 h after operation. All group I patients revealed leukocytosis, two developed post-operative anemia. Significantly different changes were observed: the initial, pre-operative 3-OH FA levels were similar for both groups, while group I patients showed increased levels of all the studied 3-OH FAs during the operation (p0.05), and 3-OH C14 and 3-OH C16 remained elevated 24 h after the operation. Conclusions: Cardiosurgery may strongly promote gut endotoxin translocation to the blood in some patients. Prolonged leukocytosis, deep anemia, and increased liver dysfunction markers may indicate the need for observation of possible endotoxemia development. It is recommended to monitor the endotoxin level and/or endotoxemia markers in cardiosurgery patients.
7

Antigenic structure of Shigella flexneri 1b serotype, its antigenic 3b mutant and their susceptibility to bacterial action of complement of normal bovine serum

80%
Doroszkiewicz W., Lachowicz T. M.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
1996
|
vol. 50
|
issue 5
519-523
EN
The susceptibility of S. flexneri 1b and 3b strains to killing action of serum was investigated. Differences in sensitivity to bactericidal action of complement appeared to result from different structure of their LPS-es. The protective effect of LPS-es depends both on their origin and concentration.
8

Strucutral studies on carbohydrate part of Hafnia alvei lipopolysaccharides

80%
Katzenellenbogen E.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
1996
|
vol. 50
|
issue 5
419-429
EN
The structures of 14 O-specific polysaccharides isolated from Hafnia alvei lipopolysaccharides have been described. The structures of the common core existing in most Hafnia alvei strains examined so far and the core-like trisaccharide found in some Hafnia alvei strains have been also presented.
9

Structural and serological charaqcterization of Hafnia alvei PCM 1185 and 1199 O-specific polysaccharides

80%
K?bler J., Mieszala M., Katzenellenbogen E., Gamian A., Romanowska E.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
1996
|
vol. 50
|
issue 5
515-517
EN
This work describes results of studies of O-specific oligosaccharide repeating units from lipopolysaccharides of two related Hafnia alvei serotypes. The linkage between O-antigen and the core region in PCM 1199 LPS has been also established. The O-acetyl residues present in the polysaccharides are involved in formation of epitopes.
10

Protective activity of antibodies raised against conjugates of endotoxin core oligosaccharides and tetanus toxid

80%
Jachymek W.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
1995
|
vol. 49
|
issue 1
171-178
11

Bacterial endotoxins - methods of structural analysis

80%
Niedziela T., Jachymek W., Lugowski C.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
1996
|
vol. 50
|
issue 5
419-429
EN
The modern structural methods used in the determination of lipopolysaccharides chemical structures were described. The combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF, FAB and EI) applied to structural analysis of lipopolysaccharides, with a few chosen examples of characteristic original spectra were presented.
12

Biological activities of lipopolysaccharide

70%
Lukasiewicz J., Lugowski C.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2003
|
vol. 57
|
issue 1
33-53
EN
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS, endotoxin) are known to be responsible for the initiation of endotoxic shock, therefore they can be targets for new preventive and therapeutic strategies. This review describes the biological and physicochemical properties of endotoxin ? major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The paper focuses on response of the host to endotoxin, recent knowledge about the target cells and receptors for LPS, mechanisms of innate immune response and cell signal transduction due to the LPS recognition. It also summaries results of studies on LPS structure influence on its biological activity.
13

Biocidal activity of Bacillus species for Anopheles larvae

70%
Shakoori A. R., Anwar S., Khurshed N., Haq R. U., Haq R. U., Shakoori A. R.
Folia Biologica
|
1999
|
vol. 47
|
issue 3-4
143-148
EN
It is generally accepted that Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) is specifically toxic to some insects but does not pose any threat to the environment, operators, or consumers. There are several other Bacillus species which can be used as effective bioinsecticides. In this study four different species of Bacillus, i.e., B. coagulans, B. megaterium, B. brevis, and B. sphaericus were isolated from soil samples collected from Kala Shah Kakoo and Kasur areas, in the suburbs of Lahore. Isolated Bacillus species were administered to mosquito larvae to evaluate their biocidal activity. B. coagulans I from Kala Shah Kakoo showed 93% mortality, while B. coagulans III from Kasur showed 70% mortality. Bacterial isolates most toxic to Anopheles larvae showed optimum growth at 37 ?C and pH 7. These isolates have a great potentcy to controlling anopheline population.
14

Effect of post-trauma endotoxemia on the production of IL-1b in burn patients

70%
Cembrzynska-Nowak M.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
1996
|
vol. 50
|
issue 5
537-540
EN
Thermal injury-associated endotoxemia affects the in vitro induction of interleukin -1b (IL-1b) synthesis by inflammatory stimuli. Pathophysiological effects related to the interaction between bacterial endotoxins and human monocytes/macrophages are complex and may have significant impact on defense response of burn host. Therapeutic approaches in critically ill burn patients should be considered in the context of the overall biological activity of endogenous mediators of immune and inflammatory reactions involved.
15

The contribution of endotoxins present in the respiratory tract to overproduction of nitric oxide associated with impaired interleukin 6 release in bronchoalveolar leukocytes from lung cancer patients

61%
Cembrzynska-Nowak M., Bienkowska M., Werynska B., Dyla T., Jankowska R.
|
|
vol. 48
|
issue 2
119-125
EN
The purpose of the study was to assess the relation between the levels of endotoxins circulating in airways of patients with lung cancer and the ability of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) leukocytes for ex vivo release of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and for in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced production of the mediators. Leukocytes isolated from the BAL of 11 patients and from 5 healthy individuals were cultured in the absence or presence of LPSE. coli. The levels of endotoxins in the BAL fluids (BALF) and the amounts of NO released ex vivo from unstimulated cells from the patients were highly (p = 0. 0025) elevated in comparison with those from healthy individuals. The release of NO was significantly correlated (Rs = 0. 638, p = 0. 047) with the levels of endotoxins in BALF. In contrast, production of IL-6 remained very low and a negative correlation (Rs = ?0. 623, p = 0. 0542) was observed between the amounts of NO and IL-6. It was also found that, in response to LPS, bronchoalveolar leukocytes from patients with lung cancer express a reduced capacity for in vitro production of NO and IL-6. Our data suggest that, in patients with lung cancer, the activation of BAL cells by endotoxins circulating in the airways may contribute, at least in part, to overproduction of spontaneous NO and, subsequently, the NO may reduce IL-6 production. Moreover, the exposure in vivo of the BAL cells to LPS renders them unable to respond to the second signals.
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