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EN
The objective of this paper was to present an influence of some new biotechnologies on the increase of the livestock genetic gain. The effects of the following biotechniques were discussed: embryo transfer, multiple ovulation, in vitro fertilization of oocytes, embryo and semen sexing,cloning as well as creating transgenic animals. Application of these biotechniques increases selection intensity and descreases genetic variability (except for creating transgenic individuals). Moreover, modification of classical models of evaluation of the genetic value of animals is necessary.
EN
This paper presents the current possibilities, state of knowledge and prospects for cryopreservation of pig oocytes and embryos. The main factors of cryopreservation efficiency, methods for the evaluation of cryopreserved embryos, and the possibilities of modifying their susceptibility to cryopreservation are discussed. In addition, the most significant results of pig embryo freezing and vitrification and the cryotechnical aspects of this method are presented.
EN
The autors discuss methods through which the reproductive potentialin cattle may be increased.Two procedures for mass production of embryos to be used in cattle breeding schemes are now available, namely superovulation and embryo transfer, nd more recently in vitro embryo production.Hormonal treatmentfor multiple ovulation, nonsurgical embryo collection and embryo transfer are widespread techniques to obtain more offspring from genetivally superor cattle (MOET program).However,the cost can br high and the yield of embryos is unpredictable.
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