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Treatment of adverse drug reactions in a dermatology department

100%
Ganeva M., Gancheva T., Baldaranov I., Troeva J., Hristakieva E.
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EN
The aim of the study was to evaluate the pattern of utilization of systemic drugs used in the management of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) leading to hospitalization. A prospective pharmacovigilance study was carried out among patients admitted to the Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology in Stara Zagora (July 1999–June 2009). ADRs were classified by type, severity and causality. Casecausality was scored according to Naranjo et al. (1981). Drug utilization was measured in defined daily doses (DDDs) per 100 hospital bed days. A total of 144 cutaneous ADRs, predominantly “type B” were the reason for hospitalization. Highest utilization for the management of ADRs was found for the drug groups “Blood and blood forming organs” (406.08 DDDs/100 bed days) and “Respiratory system” (111.15 DDDs/100 bed days). The use of DDD for measuring drug utilization reveals the importance of drug-induced exacerbations of chronic skin diseases like psoriasis which were associated with significant utilization of drugs belonging to the group “Blood and blood forming organs”. Considering the low preventability of “type B” ADRs, our findings suggest that potential reduction of drug-related hospitalizations may be achieved through the rational use of drugs in patients with comorbidities.
2
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EPR study of free radicals formed in fusidic acid and neomycin under UV irradiation

75%
Pierzchała E., Ramos P., Pilawa B.
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research
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2019
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vol. 76
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issue 2
215-223
EN
Free radicals in UV irradiated antibiotics used in dermatology were examined. Concentrations of free radicals in fusidic acid and neomycin, were determined. EPR spectra of the tested antibiotics were measured by electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer with magnetic modulation of 100 kHz and numerical acquisition system the Rapid Scan Unit. The influence of microwave powers in the range of 2.2-70 mW on the spectra was obtained. Amplitudes (A) and linewidths (ΔBpp) of the EPR spectra, were analysed. The EPR spectra were homogeneously broadened. Fast spin-lattice relaxation processes existed in UV irradiated fusidic acid and neomycin, which EPR spectra were not saturated up to 70 mW. The influence of the time of UV irradiation on free radicals in the samples was observed. The samples were irradiated by UVA (315-400 nm) in the 30, 60, and 90 minute period. Free radical concentrations in the tested antibiotics exposed to UV were proportional to the amplitudes (A) of the EPR spectra. The highest amplitudes (A) were observed for the UV irradiated antibiotics during 60 minutes. The higher amplitudes (A) characterized fusidic acid than neomycin. Fusidic acid and neomycin used to treat bacterial infection of skin under UV irradiation may produce free radical toxic effects. The stronger photosensitivity characterized fusidic acid relatively to neomycin. EPR spectroscopy is the useful method to examine free radicals formed in antibiotics during photolysis.
3
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Hydrożele w recepturze aptecznej leków dermatologicznych

63%
Jacyna B., Maciejewski B., Sznitowska M.
Farmacja Polska
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2020
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vol. 76
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issue 1
57-62
EN
Hydrogels are a physicochemical system in which an aqueous phase is gelled with a certain gelling polymer. They can make a good alternative to conventional lipophilic or absorption ointment bases, especially if the medicine should be administered to mucosa, because the gelling polymers interact with a mucose what results in mucoadhesion. The use of a hydrogel is preferred to lipophilic ointments in severe inflammations, exudative wounds, acne, oily skin or when the application area on the skin is hairy. Hydrogels also provide a cooling sensation on the skin, when water evaporates and this process is endothermic. Hydrogels are relatively popular also in a compounding practice in other countries, such as USA, where various types of commercially-made hydrogel bases are available. Despite the fact that hydrogels are accepted by law as compounded dosage forms, in Poland they have not been prepared in pharmacies because neither such bases nor suitable polymers are formally registered excipients for drug compounding, and the registration procedure is similar to the one for drug products authorization. The article describes hydrogels as there are first such materials available for pharmacists who are involved in compounding practice. Three gel-forming polymers: methylcellulose, hypromellose and hydroxyethylcellulose and hydrogel bases dedicated for drug compounding are characterized. Several examples of preparations with various active substances are presented and methods of their preparations are proposed. A dermatological base, Celugel, composed of hydroxyethylcellulose and recently registered in Poland for pharmacy compounding is also presented. Special attention is given to methods of hydrogel preparation, depending on the solubility profile of a certain type of polymer. Stability of the compounded hydrogels is discussed, especially regarding microbiological quality and the presence of preservatives. The benefits of these formulations are indicated including a relatively low cost of the hydrogel bases resulting from a low content of the polymers.
PL
Hydrożele dermatologiczne stanowią atrakcyjną alternatywę dla maści na podłożach lipofilowych oraz absorpcyjnych, szczególnie, gdy lek ma być podany na błony śluzowe. Łatwość sporządzenia hydrożelu oraz relatywnie niski koszt to dodatkowe zalety, jednak skomplikowany proces rejestracji polimerów żelujących jako substancji do receptury w Polsce skutkuje brakiem surowców do sporządzania nowoczesnych hydrożeli. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przybliżenie postaci hydrożelu w kontekście preparatyki recepturowej w sytuacji, gdy zaczęły być dostępne pierwsze takie surowce.
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