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1

Differential expression of candidate genes for lignin biosynthesis under drought stress in maize leaves

100%
Hu Y., Li W.-C., Xu Y.-Q., Li G.-J., Liao Y., Fu F.-L.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2009
|
vol. 50
|
issue 3
213-223
EN
In order to provide information for the development of molecular selection markers for drought tolerance improvement, the methods of prometric analysis, quantitative real-time PCR and field evaluation were employed for the identification of the differential expression of candidate genes under drought stress in maize. At seventeen, twenty-four and forty-eight hours of polyethylene glycol-simulated drought stress at the seventh leaf stage, leaf samples were collected from two drought-tolerant inbred lines for prometric analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting. Fifty-eight proteins out of more than 500 were found in response to drought stress. Three drought-induced spots 2506, 3507 and 4506 showed sequence similarity with cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, cytochrome protein 96A8 and S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthase, respectively. The expression of two key enzymes to lignin biosynthesis was quantified by quantitative real-time PCR among three drought-tolerant and one drought-sensitive inbred lines under drought stress and well-watered control conditions. After a decrease at the beginning of drought stress, the expression of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and caffeate O-methyltransferase recovered at twenty-four hours of the drought stress in the three drought-tolerant lines, but not in the drought-sensitive lines. Leaf lignin content, anthesis-silking interval and grain weight per plant were investigated with six inbred lines of varying drought tolerance under drought stress and well-watered control. Drought tolerance coefficients of these three characters were calculated and the correlation coefficients among these drought tolerance coefficients were estimated. Significant difference in leaf lignin content was found among the inbred lines and in response to drought stress. Close correlations were observed between the drought tolerant coefficients for leaf lignin content and grain weight per plant, and between the drought tolerant coefficients for leaf lignin content and anthesis-silking interval. These results indicate that leaf lignin content is a useful index for evaluation of drought tolerance in maize. Molecular selection markers can be developed on the basis of differential expression of the candidate genes and applied to maize improvement for drought tolerance.
2

Inheritance of water use efficiency in diallel hybrids of spring barley under varied nutrition and soil moisture

88%
Gorny A. G.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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1999
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vol. 40
|
issue 1
15-28
EN
Inheritance of water use efficiency (WUE) at the whole-plant level was investigated in a diallel set (Ps+F2s) of spring barley. Plants were grown in 9 dm3 pots under optimal conditions, low NPK nutrition and low soil moisture. GCA effects were found to be of major importance for the variance in vegetative and economic WUE measures. A significance of SCA effects was observed only under nutrient and soil moisture stresses. The stress conditions used did not considerably affect the sign and magnitude of combining ability effects. Consistency between GCA and parental means was found. The efficiency of water use under stress did not correlate with stress tolerance indices, but stress-induced changes in the harvest index and WUE were closely related to the tolerance. An analysis of genetic components of variation indicated that additive gene effects were of major importance for the vegetative and economic WUE measures. Moderately high narrow-sense heritabilities of WUE under optimal conditions (0.64-0.69) were found to decrease to 0.46-0.53 and 0.13-0.35 under limited fertilization and simulated drought, respectively. Partial dominance of genes was observed. The degree of dominance of genes was found to increase under stress. The results suggest that a low WUE is a recessive character. It is supposed that the preponderance of additive gene effects should facilitate selection efforts to improve WUE in spring barley.
3

The effect of drought on the development and yielding of two different varieties of the fodder broad bean (Vicia faba minor)

88%
Podlesny J.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2001
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vol. 42
|
issue 3
283-287
EN
A factorial experiment was performed in the fodder broad bean to analyse effects of soil drought on the development and yield components of two varieties of different morphotype: ?Nadwislanski? (traditional) and ?Tim? (determinate growth habit). Plants were grown in Mitscherlich?s pots under three different soil moistures: 70%, 50% and 30% of field water capacity. The soil water shortage contributed to a considerable depression in the developmental characteristics and yield traits of both varieties. Under all conditions, the variety ?Nadwislanski? yielded more seeds than did ?Tim?. The traditional variety was more resistant to drought than the new ?Tim?.
4

Effects of selection for more vigorous seminal roots in two cross populations of oat (Avena sativa L.)

75%
Gorny A. G., Szolkowska A.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
1996
|
vol. 37
|
issue 4
331-344
EN
Three steps of multi stage selection for more vigorous seminal roots were done in two cross combinations of oat. The total length of roots (TRL) was measured in seedlings of the F2 , F3 and F4 generations grown in filter paper rollers. On average, the finally selected F5 (or F6 ) progenies distinguished by 7 11% improved rooting ability than their midparents. Transgressive forms were selected only in one cross combination. Coefficients of realized heritability for TRL were low and ranged from 0.08 to 0.42 indicating a relatively high proportion of non additive gene effects in the variance of TRL. Tolerance of the F6 progenies to water and nutrient limitations was evaluated in pot and field experiments. Correlated selection effects were dependent upon initial cross combination. Only progenies from one cross combination exhibited an improved drought tolerance at the 8 9 Feekes' stage. The both enhanced rooting and decreased S : R ratio of the F6 progenies correlated with their improved tolerance to reduced P supply at the 4 leaf stage. However, no significant consistence occurred between indices of the tolerance to reduced nutrition at the vegetative growth and those at field maturity. Performed root selection identified more frequently high yielding genotypes with less stable grain yield. No progenies were obtained that outperform their parents under low input conditions. It was emphasized that root selection should be accompanied by selection for integrated response components.
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