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1

Assessment of the value of doubled haploids as progenitors in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) breeding

100%
Sounigo O., Lachenaud P., Bastide P., Cilas C., N?goran J., Lanaud C.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2003
|
vol. 44
|
issue 3
339-353
EN
In order to evaluate twelve doubled haploids (DHs) of Theobroma cacao L. used as parents, a trial was set up in Cote d?Ivoire. Several traits were observed, such as yield, vigour, yield/vigour ratios, resistance to the black pod disease caused by Phytophthora, percentage of flat beans and mean weight of 100 cocoa beans. Out of the three progenies derived from crosses between two DHs, two showed severe drawbacks. A reduction of the heterogeneity within these progenies was occasionally observed for some of the traits, but failed to be consistent. When tested as female parents in combination with diploid testers, some of the DHs showed a significantly higher combining value than their parents for traits such as the mean weight of 100 beans and the yield/canopy surface ratio. The results showed the potential of DHs to improve selected parents in only one cycle of selection but more crosses between two DHs need to be tested in order to evaluate potential of the resulting F1 progenies.
2

In vitro gynogenesis as a method for haploid plant production

80%
Mol R.
Biotechnologia
|
2003
|
issue 3
52-61
EN
This paper reviews last three decades of work on in vitro cultures of unpollinated ovaries or ovules. During in vitro gynogenesis, plants are produced from embryos or callus tissue of haploid (parhtenogenetic or apogamic) origin. Thus, in vitro gynogenesis offers an efficient method for plant breeders who want to obtain haploid plants and homozygous lines. Stability of DH-lines and very limited albinism of regenerated plants are major advantages of the method. The limiting factors are genotype effects in particular species and relatively high labour compared to another or microspore cultures. Since 1976, the studies on in vitro gynogenesis have been performed in 27 species including many crops. Furthermore, gynogenetic haploids have been routinely used in breeding programmes for sugar beet, onion and rice. Because of labour expenses, cultures of unpollinated ovaries or ovules are usually chosen when no other efficient method is available for haploid production in a given species.
3

Agronomic performance of wheat doubled haploids produced through wheat x maize crosses

80%
Guzy-Wrobelska J., Szarejko I., Nawrot M., Madajewska M.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 2
72-79
EN
Wheat x maize crosses are used as a method of wheat doubled haploid (DH) production, alternative to anther culture. The study was conducted to compare the agronomic performance of DH lines produced through wide crosses with lines obtained by the single seed descent (SSD) method from the same plant material. F1 progeny of spring wheat varieties: Eta x Sigma (both Polish) and Eta x Darkhan 15 (Mongolian) were used for DH and SSD production. Doubled haploids (DH3, DH4) and SSD (F5) lines from both genotypes were evaluated for plant height, spike length, tillering, grain weight and number per plant and 1000 grain weight in a randomised, three replicated experiment. Mean performance, coefficient of variation and frequency distribution of DH and SSD lines were similar for most of the analysed traits. The comparison of the best 10% of DH and SSD lines from both crosses (selected on the basis of grain weight per plant) confirmed their similar performance. For the majority of the analysed characters, the best DH lines derived from both DH populations did not differ from better parents and check varieties. Ten percent of Eta x Sigma DH lines performed significantly better for 1000 grain weight than both parental genotypes, heterotic F1 and check varieties. The results indicate that maize pollination system is an efficient method of producing high yielding homozygous lines of wheat and it may be recommended for a wide use in wheat breeding programmes.
4

In vitro culture of cereal microspores

80%
Oleszczuk S., Zimny J.
Biotechnologia
|
2000
|
issue 2
142-160
EN
The development of microspore culture methods in the Poaceae family has received considerable attention in recent years. Isolated microspore culture can be induced in vitro to switch their development from gametophytic to a sporophytic patway, resulting in embryoid or callus formation. Different stresses like cold or heat shock and nitrogen starvation have been identified as the major trigger in inducing microspore embryogenesis. Microspore culture appears to be a promising toll for future production of double haploids in cereals. Isolated microspore culture has several advantages over anther culture in genetic manipulation and haploid study, such as: direct observation of microspore development, unique possibility to study plant embryogenesis, easier in vitro selection and mutation, easier transformation of single cells. Moreover, isolated microspores are the most efficient way of double haploid regeneration. Many factors such as genotypes, physiological status of donor plants, stage of microspores development, pretreatment of anthers or spikes, method of microspores isolation, culture media, nurse culture and culture conditions, have a great influence on microspore culture. These and other problems concerning in vitro culture of isolated microspore are discussed in this review.
5

Anther and microspore cultures of barley and wheat

80%
Kasha K. J., Ziauddin A., Cho U.-H., Simion E., Petroski R., Cistue L.
|
|
vol. 38
|
issue 4
373-380
EN
This paper briefly cites the various procedures for the production of doubled haploids in barley and wheat. Various associated terms are defined and the factor involved in haploid production are outlined. Isolated microspore cultures offer some advantages over anther culture. Our current procedures for isolated microspore culture of barley and wheat are presented and compared.
6

A simple test for detection of linkage

80%
Surma M., Kaczmarek Z., Adamski T., Kaczmarek.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2002
|
vol. 43
|
issue 2
171-174
EN
The paper presents a proposition for detection of linkage of genes responsible for metrical traits. Taking into account the expected means for early generations (F1, F2, F3) and a population of homozygous lines (in this case doubled haploid lines, DH derived from a cross between two homozygous parents) as well as estimators of genetic parameters m, [d], [i], [h] and [l], the expected values for these parameters in the presence of linkage have been formulated. It was found that when there is no linkage, the expression F1 ? 6F2 + 8F3 ? 3DHmean is equal to zero. Thus, an experiment covering DH lines and F1, F2, F3 hybrids makes it possible to obtain, beside information of interest, also information on presence or absence of linkage.
7

Obtaining double haploid transgenic tobacco lines by the tissue culture method

80%
Czubacka A., Doroszewska T.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 2
37-45
EN
In the study on double haploid (DH) lines of tobacco, two cultivars ? MN944 and BY103 transformed with a construct carrying the coat protein gene of Lettuce Mosaic Virus (LMV) CP were used. The hybrids F1 from crossing transgenic line BY103 with its non-transformed equivalent as well as transgenic MN944 line with cv. Wi?lica were used for producing haploids via inducted androgenesis. Double haploids were received by regeneration from stem fragments. The course of meiosis in pollen mother cells was analysed and pollen viability was estimated.
8

Gene segregation in a barley DH population

80%
Szarejko I., Maluszynski M., Polok K., Zbieszczyk J.
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|
vol. 38
|
issue 4
415-424
EN
A large population of anther culture-derived barley regenerants and their progeny was tested for allele segregation at 1 isozyme and 8 morphological marker loci. The segregation of genetic markers was examined separately for haploid, diploid and polyploid regenerants. All the 9 analysed genes except al (albino lemma) on chromosome 3 segregated according to the expected 1 : 1 ratio in the microspore-derived barley population. There was no difference in allele distribution between haploid and diploid regenerants. Among the limited number of 34 analysed tetraploids a significant excess of the dominant allele at locus o (orange lemma) of chromosome 6 was also observed. The recombination frequency between linked genes (n - lk2 on chromosome 1 and r - s on chromosome 7) estimated in the DH population did not differ significantly from recombination rates calculated in F2 progeny or presented in barley chromosome maps. The phenomenon of gametic selection is discussed in relation to the genotype dependency of anther culture response and procedures used for DH production in barley.
9

Theoretical bases for detection of linkege of genes between two quantitative characters in the presence of nonallelic interaction

80%
Kaczmarek Z., Surma M., Adamski T.
Genetica Polonica
|
1994
|
vol. 35
|
issue 1-2
53-62
10

Isolated microspores as a source doubled haploids of barley

80%
Oleszczuk S., Zimny J.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 1
139-142
EN
In vitro techniques for doubled haploids (DH) production allow for obtaining homozygous lines in a single generation. This is connected with shorter breeding cycle of the new variety. DH lines have a potential for being used in the selection of recombinants, stabilising of transformed lines and molecular mapping. DH lines are produced from isolated microspores through haploid embryogenesis. Microspore culture has several advantages over anther culture: it reduces the time of cultures, enables monitoring of the earliest phase of embryogenesis, allows for direct development embryos, facilitates the in vitro selection and mutation, allows for avoiding regeneration from somatic anther tissues. Moreover, microspore culture appears to be a promising tool in genetic manipulations (transformation, mutagenesis) and it can be used as a source of protoplasts and suspensions. Here we report on how to induce microspore embryogenesis, resulting in plant formation. The switch of microspore development from gametophytic to sporophytic pathway has been stimulated by various stress factors like cold and heat shock, starvation. Stress treatment not only stops pollen development but also re-programmes the microspore towards embryo formation. The effects of various parameters including pretreatment, carbohydrates and nurse culture have been investigated. After optimising the culture conditions we were able to regenerate high number of fertile plants.
11

An evaluation of some morphological traits in doubled haploid lines and their F1 hybrids of head cabbage Kamienna Glowa in the vegetative phase

80%
Kaminski P.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2000
|
vol. 41
|
issue 4
247-252
EN
The internal stump length, head mass and head shape of doubled haploid (DH) lines and their F1 hybrids of head cabbage Kamienna Glowa were compared. It was found that the range of variation in the investigated traits of DH lines was higher than that of their F1 hybrids. The head mass of the DH lines indicated some level of inbreeding depression, but their F1 hybrids showed a significant effect of heterosis. Genes responsible for flattened head shape were dominant over rounded shape genes. The longer internal stump trait was dominant over the shorter one.
12

Cytological and genetic evaluation of anther culture-derived doubled haploids in barley

80%
Szarejko I., Fakl D. E., Janusz A., Nabialkowska D.
|
|
vol. 38
|
issue 4
437-452
EN
Gametoclonal variation among anther culture-derived plants of three barley genotypes was estimated on the basis of cytological analysis (DH1, DH2 generation), observation of morphological variants (DH2, DH3) and chlorophyll mutation test (DH2, DH3). Individual head rows were grown in the field to detect possible chimeric structure of regenerants and to assess the number of variants and mutations in each line. Spontaneously doubled plants were the most frequent class (70%) among regenerants and almost 90% of them were completely fertile. There was a difference in proportion of haploids produced by different genotypes, but the highest frequency observed did not exceed 21%. The remaining regenerants were tetraploid, and contained chromosomal mutations or chimeras. In total, there were about 15% of polyploids and plants carrying chromosomal aberrations (translocations, inversions) among DH1 individuals. The changes in chromosome number and structure were the main source of observed variation. The level of gene mutation induced in vitro was relatively low. No more than 1% of microspore-derived plants expressed visible morphological changes in DH2 progeny. Only two morphological variants derived from the Bruce cultivar proved to be homozygous mutants (dwarf type) stable up the to third generation. The frequency of DH plants carrying chlorophyll mutation was 5.8%, but most of them (82%) were chimeric and had only a small mutation sector. The level of gametoclonal variation depended on the donor plant genotype. The highest proportion of variants and mutations was observed among DH plants derived from the Bruce cultivar, while the lowest was recorded among plants regenerated from anther culture of the doubled haploid line H930-36. Mechanisms leading to the observed variation and implications resulting from the presented experiments concerning implementation of anther culture in barley breeding were discussed. It was concluded that this method resulted in a high frequency of spontaneous doubling, a low frequency of genetic changes, and being less time and effort-consuming than the 'Bulbosum' technique, can be applied to most barley breeding programs.
13

Interaction of gene effects with environments for malting quality of barley doubled haploids

80%
Kaczmarek Z., Surma M., Adamski T., Jezowski S., Madajewski R., Krystkowiak K., Kuczynska A., KaczmarekZ.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2002
|
vol. 43
|
issue 1
33-42
EN
Barley doubled haploids covering a wide range of malting quality, along with their parental cultivars and F2, F3 hybrids, were investigated in six environments (three locations, two years) to study the genotype-environment (G ? E) interaction structure and the influence of environments on additive, dominance and epistatic gene effects. Grain and malt characters, such as 1000-grain weight, percentage of plump kernels, malt extract yield, protein content, Kolbach index and malt fine-coarse difference (FCD), were measured. Main effects for genetic parameters were estimated and regression analysis was used to explain the interaction of gene effects with environments. The results show that additive effects had the greatest interaction with environments for all the analysed traits, but only for malt characters this interaction was linear. Interaction of dominance effects was much lower and only in the case of 1000-grain weight, protein content and Kolbach index it proved to be significant. The results suggest that effects of heterozygous loci are more stable in contrasting environments than effects of homozygous loci.
14

Numerical method for detection of linkage between genes for two metrical traits

80%
Kaczmarek Z., Surma M., Adamski T., Czajka S.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2004
|
vol. 45
|
issue 1
27-35
EN
A homozygous population derived from hybrids between two homozygous parents may be used for genetic analysis of metrical traits. The paper describes the use of doubled haploids (DH) and single seed descent (SSD) lines for detection of linkage between genes conditioning two quantitative traits. A computational algorithm is presented, which facilitates matching various variants of relations between variances, covariances and means of DH and SSD populations so as to make it possible to conclude on the presence/absence of linkage. The suggested methodology is illustrated with an example concerning three quantitative traits of barley: length of the third internode, stem wall thickness, and 1000-grain weight.
15

Assessment of RAPD markers for barley doubled haploid lines resistant and susceptible to Fusarium culmorum at seedling and adult plant growth stages

80%
Bocianowski J., Chelkowski J., Kuczynska A., Wisniewska H., Surma M., Adamski T.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2003
|
vol. 44
|
issue 3
355-360
EN
Thirty doubled haploid (DH) lines of barley derived from F1 of a cross between the six-rowed cultivar Pomo and two-rowed cultivar Maresi were examined for susceptibility to Fusarium seedling blight (SB) and head blight (FHB), measured by mycotoxin (nivalenol) content of kernels. RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) polymorphism was analysed by using 53 decamer primers. Amplification products (APs) were 200 bp up to 2000 bp in size on average 5.7 per primer and the total number of APs was 284, 51.06% of which were polymorphic. Only 32 APs differentiated the examined DH lines ? 19 APs for nivalenol content of kernels and 13 for seedling resistance. DH lines segregated with continuous distribution of resistance to FHB and SB. At the seedling stage all DH lines exhibited lower susceptibility than parental cultivars, but in the adult stage only two lines (MP 2 and MP 7) appeared to be more resistant to FHB, i.e. accumulated in kernels a lower amount of mycotoxin than cultivars Maresi and Pomo.
16

Regeneration efficiency evaluation of selected rapeseed (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera) doubled haploid lines

80%
Turczynowska A., Broda Z.
Biotechnologia
|
2010
|
issue 2
132-138
EN
Regeneration is an important step in a process of obtaining valuable plants under in vitro conditions. The aim of the research was to characterize the regeneration efficiency of 14 rapeseed (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera) doubled haploid lines which were supposed to reveal different tissue response under in vitro conditions. The plant material consisted of cotyledonous and hypocotylous explants placed on MS medium with the addition of 1mg/l and 0,1mg/l BAP. Regeneration efficiency evaluation was calculated on the basis of shoot regenerating explants number in relation to the total number of explants. The examined genotypes were characterized by varied regeneration ability and closely related DH lines with high and low regeneration efficiency were determined.
17

Frequency of transgression and gene distribution in barley doubled haploid populations from first and second cycle hybrids

80%
Surma M., Adamski T., Kaczmarek Z., Kapala A.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
1998
|
vol. 39
|
issue 3
237-247
EN
Barley doubled haploids (DH) derived from first and second cycle hybrids were investigated in field experiments. Parental lines designed for the second cycle hybrids were three doubled haploids from the first cycle hybrids, which were observed to have the highest grain yield. Yield structure characters, crude protein content and protein fractions were analysed. Phenotypic and genetic variability and the frequency of transgression in the studied populations were calculated. For the studied traits additive, [d], and epistatic [i], effects as well as coefficient of gene dispersion were estimated. It was found that the phenotypic and genetic variability of DH populations derived from second cycle hybrids was higher than that of the original population for all the studied traits except grain yield. A greater proportion of transgressive lines than in the original population was also observed in populations from second cycle hybrids. Only one DH line exceeding the high yielding parent was found among 141 lines under study. The relationship between the frequency of transgressions and gene dispersion was recorded: the greatest number of transgressive lines occurred in those traits for which the dispersion was observed.
18

Production and application of doubled haploids in cereals

80%
Wedzony M.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 1
51-62
EN
This paper provides an overview of the development of methods of cereals doubled haploid production over the last decade. The influence of genotype and albinism remain the main problem of androgenesis. Localisation of major genes influencing androgenic potential and manipulation with temperature during induction and regeneration offer possibilities of efficiency improvement. Isolated microspore culture in cereals is effective when microspores are co-cultured with sporophytic tissue. Gynogenic methods may be developed for some barley and apomictic wheat forms. Distant crosses that are followed by the elimination of chromosomes of the male parent from hybrid embryos are broadly applied. Maize and its relatives are used as effective pollinators of a wide range of cereal species since prezygotic barriers have not been found so far. Brief description of utilisation of doubled haploid lines in breeding programs, research and genetic transformation of cereals closes the overview.
19

Selection for high erucic acid content in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) on microspore-derived embryos

71%
Cegielska-Taras T., Szala L., Naleczynska A., Kolodziej K., Orodowczyk M.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
1999
|
vol. 40
|
issue 4
305-315
EN
Application of doubled-haploid (DH) techniques combined with a method of early selection for erucic acid in cotyledons of microspore-derived embryos (MDEs) from three hybrids of winter oilseed rape (high erucic acid and low glucosinolates) was described. Comparisons of erucic acid content between MDEs and seeds from the same homozygous line DH-Gr85 demonstrated that seed-specific fatty acid composition can be fully stimulated in MDEs after 18 days of culture on the NLN-medium with 0.8% agar and 2% sucrose with or without 10 mM ABA. The erucic acid content (percentage of the total fatty acid content) of cotyledons of embryos from three hybrids and of the seeds derived from plants regenerated from the remaining parts of the embryos were highly correlated (r = 0.78**).
20

Barley haploid from reciprocal crosses of Hordeum bulbosum (2x) and H.Vulgare (2x)

71%
Surma M., Adamski T.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
1995
|
vol. 36
|
issue 1
11-16
EN
Results of crosses between Hordeum bulbosum (2x) and H.vulgare (2x) are presented.Nine H.vulgare genotypes of different crooability with H.bulbosum were treated both as female and male parents Immature embryos were cultured in vitro according to Adamski and Surma (1994).Seeds set, embryo development and obtained haploid plants were recoded.It was shown that seed setting and haploid plant efficiency (haploids/100 florets) were about ten times lower in H.bulbosum x H.vulgare than H.vulgare x H.bulbosum.The cvs.Vada, Apex and the doubled haploid line KA7/3 (related to Apex) which showed a low crossability in H.vulgare x H.bulbosum,gave a relatively high seed setting in reciprocal crosses.The obtained results indicte that partial incompatibility of some H.vulgare genotypes with H.bulbosum could be cytoplasmatically influenced.
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