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Sports Mass Age Therapy on the Reduction of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness of the Quadriceps Femoris

100%
Boguszewski D., Szkoda S., Adamczyk J. G., Białoszewski D.
Human Movement
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2014
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vol. 15
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issue 4
234-237
EN
Purpose. Massage therapy is one of most commonly applied treatments during athletic training. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of sports massage therapy on reducing post-exercise quadriceps muscle soreness. Methods. A sample of 29 women aged 24-26 years was divided into an experimental group (n = 15) receiving classic sports massage therapy and a control group (n = 14) given no treatment. An exercise session consisting of five sets of deep squat jumps was administered after which lower limb power as assessed via the vertical jump test. Muscle soreness was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and exercise intensity with the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale. Subsequent measurements of lower limb power and muscle soreness were performed 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after the exercise session. Differences between the measurements were assessed by the Friedman and least significant difference tests while between-group comparisons involved the Mann-Whitney U test. Results. The largest decrease in lower limb power was observed between the first measurement after the exercise session and 24 h later (p < 0.01). The smallest decrease in power was observed in the massage group. The highest levels of muscle soreness were noted 24 h post-exercise in the massage group and 48 h post-exercise in the control group. The experimental group showed a decrease in muscle soreness in each subsequent measurement, with the results close to zero on the VAS 96 h postexercise. Conclusions. Massage therapy quickened recovery and improved muscle efficiency post-exercise and may serve as an effective treatment of muscle soreness. The analgesic effect of massage suggests it should be widely applied in sport, physical therapy and rehabilitation.
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The effects of kinesiotaping applied to delayed-onset muscle soreness of the quadriceps femoris

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Boguszewski D., Szkoda S., Adamczyk J. G., Piesio S., Białoszewski D.
Physical Activity Review
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2020
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vol. 1
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issue 8
39-45
EN
The aim of this work was to estimate the effectiveness of kinesiotaping (KT) in the reduction of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) of the quadriceps femoris. 41 young women were examined. In the study, two groups applied kinesiotaping - the first with a relaxing application (Group 1); and the second with a lymphatic one (Group 2). Women from the control group used no treatment to help in the exertion restitution. All of the women performed a vertical jump test and training of their lower limbs (5 series of squat jumps). The research tools were the VAS scale (for the estimation of pain) and the Borg Scale (for a subjective estimation of the intensity of effort). The measurements (the vertical jump test and the intensification of the pain) were repeated 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after the training where the exertion occurred. In all of the groups, the greatest regress of the vertical jump test was observed between the first and the second measurement - and this difference was statistically essential (p<0.01). The least fall in power was noticed in the women who had received the lymphatic KT application; while the greatest fall in results of vertical jump test was observed in the persons with the KT relaxing application. The greatest level of pain in Groups 1 and 2 was noted during the second measurement, which was 24 hours after the training; whereas in the control group, the greatest pain was observed in the third measurement. It can be concluded that the kinesiotaping has a bearing on the acceleration of the regeneration and increased the efficiency of the examined muscles.
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Influence of Physical Activity on Reduction of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

88%
Boguszewski D., Oko B., Szkoda S., Adamczyk J. G., Białoszewski D.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2015
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vol. 12
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issue 4
83-90
EN
The purpose of this study was to determine if physical activity of different intensity has an effect on reduction of delayed onset muscle soreness. Eighty women divided into two groups participated in the study. Subjects from Group 1 participated in the training of upper libs, whereas subjects from group 2 – in the training of lower limbs. Tests of power of upper limbs – the active overhang on the bar (Gr. 1) and power of lower limbs – the vertical jump test (Gr. 2), visual analog scale of pain (VAS) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used as investigative tools. The majority of studied women were characterized by the high level of physical activity. Physical activity level had strong positive correlation (r = 0.54; p < 0.001) with the reduction of pain. Taking into account the partition according to the kind of physical activity, there was observed some significant correlation between the diminution of delayed onset muscle soreness and the level of moderate activity and walking (relocating). Physical activity level positively correlated with the reduction of delayed onset muscle soreness. Moderate physical activity and walking proved to be the most beneficial from the reduction of delayed onset muscle soreness point of view.
4
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Physiological Background of Muscular Pain During Skiing and Delayed Muscle Soreness after Skiing

88%
Klimek A.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2010
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vol. 23
55-61
EN
During intensive skiing, at each turn, in particular towards the end of the turning steering phase, eccentric work of the lower limb muscles occurs (predominantly of the quadriceps femoris), which is the direct cause of damage within muscle cells. A few or more than ten hours after intensive physical effort the symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness may appear, which is mainly a result of the micro-damage within the myocytes.The following procedure can be proposed for prevention of muscle soreness for skiers: around a week before first day of skiing in the season, skiers should perform a series of intensive physical exercises involving eccentric contractions, thus inducing delayed muscular soreness. The exercises may involve for example: downhill running, preferably down a steep slope, running down stairs, deep knee bend jumps, deep knee bend jumps over an obstacle, jumping to the ground from a certain height, sit-ups on one or both feet, etc. The exercises should lead considerable local fatigue, in particular of the lower limb muscles, so that muscle soreness occurs on the second day, in particular in the frontal part of the thighs. After approximately two days the pain will alleviate, while after a week the strength of the muscles will return to its pre-exercise condition. This should considerably reduce, or even remove, delayed muscle soreness after skiing, which will not only help skiers use their time more effectively but will also be crucial to the skiers' safety.
5
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The influence of muscle soreness on the speed of performing a motor reaction speed task in football goalkeepers during a training camp

75%
Muracki J.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2020
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vol. 32
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issue 4
27-41
EN
Aim: To investigate the influence of muscle soreness on the speed of performing a motor reaction speed task in football goalkeepers. Methods: Twenty-four young healthy football goalkeepers, aged 1618 years old (average 16.7 ±0.67 year), with an average body height of 175.6 ±5.4 cm and body weight of 65 ±5 kg, participated in a study conducted during a 6-day training camp. The first day, referred to as day 0, was intended for initial tests and the following 5 days, referred to as days 15, consisted of training. On day 0, before the training period, anthropometric parameters such as weight and height were measured, subjects were questioned to determine the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and perceived psychophysical readiness (PPR), a speed test with motor reaction choice (ST) was performed using a Smart Speed System and areas with muscle soreness (MS) were recorded by means of a computer tablet with the Navigate Pain application. The goalkeepers participated in two training sessions on each of the following 5 days. Before each training session, the same speed test was performed. Lap times for 5 m and 15 m were recorded. After the second training session each day, the participants drew digital pain maps using a computer tablet, marking separate areas of the body where they felt muscle soreness. These data were consolidated and the total area was analyzed to investigate if, throughout the training, there were any changes to the size of the area that was indicated as having MS. A categorization of body areas was also made to determine areas where muscle soreness was most frequently indicated. Each training session was monitored with heart rate (HR) registration and each goalkeeper determined his fatigue (RPE) and readiness to exercise (PPR) on a 110-point scale. Results: Twenty-three out of twenty-four (98.5%) goalkeepers indicated that they had MS during the study. Day 2 showed the highest incidence rate with 21 participants indicating that they felt MS. The biggest area of MS was also indicated on day 2, yet statistical analysis did not show significant differences in the area of MS between the training days. MS was most often indicated in the upper leg, i.e. the thighs. The average time of the first 5 m was 1.3 [s] (SD = 0.09), ranging from 1.28 [s] to 1.33 [s], while the average time of the following 10 m was 2.07 [s] (SD = 0.18), ranging from 2.04 to 2.1 [s]. The average total speed test time equaled 3.37 [s] (SD = 0.21), ranging from 3.33 to 3.38. Statistical analysis did not show significant differences in any of the results between the training days. Conclusions: Most of the goalkeepers felt muscle soreness as an effect of specific goalkeeper training, measured by indicating painful zones on digital pain drawings. In this study, where muscle soreness was induced by technical-tactical specific goalkeeper training, no significant changes were noticed in the speed of performing a motor speed test with reaction choice or on the area of muscle soreness indicated on digital pain drawings, although almost every goalkeeper had a large area of muscle soreness. Discussion: Many studies show that delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) causes a decrease in strength, power, range of motion and speed. However, in many cases, these studies are designed to induce high intensity DOMS and then conduct isolated motor skill tests. In this study the objective was not to induce high intensity DOMS but to investigate the effect of muscle pain, which is present naturally during training processes, and then assess its effect on a speed test which reflects real game situations – with a component of reaction choice and change of movement and direction. Approaching the subject from a different viewpoint allows us to see that the reliable assessment of the psychophysical state of players, made by observing their actions on the pitch or even using photocells to measure motion speed, is difficult without an insight into the parameters of soreness that players experience. These can be monitored, for example, through digital pain mapping software.
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