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1

Model comparison for genetic evaluation of milk yield in crossbred Holsteins in the tropics

100%
Chanvijit K., Duangjinda M., Pattarajinda V., Reodecha C.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2005
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vol. 46
|
issue 4
387-393
EN
The objective of this study was to compare models for appropriate genetic parameter estimation for milk yield (305-day) in crossbred Holsteins in the tropics, where only records from crossbred cows were available. Eleven models with different effects of contemporary group (CG) at calving (herd-year-season or herd-year-month as fixed, and herd-year-month as random), age at calving (as linear or quadratic covariates, age-class, and age-class ? lactation), and dominance were considered. On-farm records from small herds (n < 50) were included or excluded to validate the parameter estimates. Average Information Restricted Maximum Likelihood (AIREML) and Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) were used to estimate variance components and breeding values. R-square (R2) and standard error of heritability (h2) were used to determine the appropriate model. The estimates of heritability from most models ranged from 0.18 to 0.22. CG formation of herd-year-month as a random effect slightly lowered the additive genetic variance but considerably decreased the permanent environmental variance. The model with age-class ? lactation gave better R2 than other age adjustments. The models including records from smallholders gave similar estimates of heritability and a lower standard error than the models excluding them. The estimate of dominance variance as a proportion of total variance was close to zero. The low ratio of dominance to additive genetic variance suggested that the inclusion of dominance effects in the model was unjustified. In conclusion, the model including the effects of herd-year-month, age-class ? lactation, as well as additive genetic, permanent environmental and residual effects, was the most appropriate for genetic evaluation in crossbred Holsteins, where records from smallholders could be included.
2

The influence of nutrient shortage on the expression of combining ability effects for root characters in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

100%
Gorny A. G.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2000
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vol. 41
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issue 2
63-73
EN
Effects of varied nutrition on the inheritance mode of the total and specific length of roots, root weight, shoot : root ratio and root uptake efficiency were studied in a diallel set of spring barley. Plants were grown in sand-vermiculite cultures under high and low NP nutrition. Results of the analysis of variance indicated that both the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability effects were important for the total length and dry matter of roots formed at the vegetative growth stage. Preponderance of non-additive gene action and overdominance were apparent only for root dry matter. The specific root length and root uptake efficiencies were controlled by additive gene action. Genotype ? nutrition interactions were significant for the root length measures and uptake efficiency indices. Although significant GCA ? nutrition interaction effects were observed for these root characters, the interactions contributed mostly to the magnitude of GCA effects but not to their sign. Except for root dry matter, the contribution of non-additive gene action to root variation enhanced under stress, heritabilities declined, while degrees of dominance of genes tended to increase. Nevertheless, the moderate narrow-sense heritabilities (18-62%) and the considerable proportion of additive variance found for the root characters under nutrient shortage suggest that an improvement of rooting ability under less favourable nutrition through conventional selection is a real objective for barley breeders.
3
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Social interactions in cats: regional brain monoamine distribution in dominant and submissive cats

86%
Krotewicz M., Romaniuk A.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1995
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vol. 55
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issue 4
271-279
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