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1
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The method of training dogs in auditory recognition memory tasks with trial-unique stimuli

100%
Kowalska D.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1997
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vol. 57
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issue 4
345-352
EN
Three adults dogs were trained in a auditory recognition delayed matching to sample (DMS) task. The experimental setting consisted of one central speaker located in front of the dogs head, two side speakers with nearby response pedals and one rotary food delivery system. Three hundred twenty natural sounds were used as trial unique stimuli. Sample stimuli were always given through the central speaker. After the delay of 1.5s, both sample and testing stimuli were activated alternately through the two side speakers. Bar press response toward the sample stimulus was rewarded by food. The DMS training was continued until attaining a criterion 90% correct responses in 90 consecutive trials. After a control pause, the dogs were retrained to the criterion, and then they were given performance tasks with delays extended to 10 , 30 , 60 and finally to 90 s, in blocks of 90 trials. Dogs required about 1,000 trials of auditory recognition memory training in order to reach the criterion. Their behavior was also stable after the control pause. The dogs performance declined gradually with extended delays reaching an average of 63.4% for the delay of 90 s. Results indicate that the DMS task with auditory stimuli alternating during the testing stage of trial, is a promising method for testing auditory recognition memory. on memor
2

Robertsonian translocation (8;14) in an infertile bitch (Canis familiaris)

100%
Switonski M., Szczerbal I., Skorczyk A., Yang F., Antosik P.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2003
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vol. 44
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issue 4
525-527
EN
A new case of a Robertsonian translocation diagnosed in an infertile bitch of West Highland White Terrier breed is reported. Cytogenetic analyses were performed with the use of Giemsa staining, Q-, C- and Ag-I banding techniques and FISH with canine whole X chromosome paint. The karyotype of this bitch was described as 77,XX der (8;14)(q10;q10).
3
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Effect of sound source position on learning and performance of auditory delayed matching-to-sample task in dogs

80%
Kusmierek P., Kowalska D. M.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2002
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vol. 62
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issue 4
251-262
EN
Spatial adjacency of stimulus source and response site has been proven important for learning of simple behavioural tasks, including auditory quality and location discrimination. We investigated effect of sound source position (adjacent or not adjacent to manipulanda) on learning and performance of a complex auditory recognition memory task. Spatial adjacency of stimuli and manipulanda improved learning of a simple auditory directional task, which was an intermediate stage of training. In contrast, no improvement of learning and performance of the recognition task was found.
4
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Effect of experimental setting on learning and performance of Auditory Delayed Matching-to-Sample task in dogs

80%
Kusmierek P., Kowalska D. M.
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vol. 58
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issue 4
291-307
EN
Twelve dogs were trained in a new task for auditory recognition memory: auditory Delayed Matching-to-Sample (DMS). The animals were tested in two experimental settings using approach (Setting 1) or bar-press (Setting 2) responses. At the early stages of training, the learning took more trials in Setting 2, which was caused by different instrumental response and/or different relationship among manipulanda, stimuli, and reward in these two settings. The performance of the final task did not differ between settings and showed a gradual decline with extended delays. No differences were found in responding patterns or in dynamics of learning. Therefore, we conclude that the auditory DMS, trained in either setting, offers a valuable and reliable tool for studies of neural substrate of auditory recognition memory. The detailed analyses of the dogs' behaviour will allow to evaluate the subtle effects of experimental manipulations in future experiments, and for many reasons the data obtained from these two settings may be combined in further analyses.
5
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The alimentary and social instrumental performance in dogs is suppressed by various doses of amphetamine

80%
Fonberg E., Jelen P.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1993
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vol. 53
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issue 1
237-242
EN
Amphetamine was administrated intramuscularly 20-25 min before each experimental session in doses of: 0.2 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg. Each dose was applied twice and preceded by a regular experimental sessions without any treatment. An instrumental performance consisted of alimentary-social differentation of two tones reinforced either by food or by sensory-social reward (petting by the experimenter). Amphetamine produced dose dependent decrease of the instrumental performance of both alimentary and social responses. This decrease was however not equal regarding both reactions. The dose of 1 mg/kg produced deep, statistically significant deterioration of alimentary as well as social responses. After the administration of the dose of 0.5 mg/kg the decrease of alimentary responses was equal to that produced by 1 mg/kg, whereas social responses was equal to that produced by 1 mg/kg, whereas social responses were less deteriorated. After the dose of 0.2 mg/kg the reduction of alimentary responses was smaller than produced by 0.5 mg/kg but still more pronounced than in the case of socially reinforced reactions. The results confirm our previous data that amphetamine suppresses positively motivated instrumental performance in dogs. The results also show that amphetamine-evoked suppression is dose dependent and that it is different for alimentary and social responses. This might indicate that the positive reward system is not homogenous but consists of some subsystems related to different kinds of reward. It is concluded that the suppressing effect of amphetamine is due to the inhibitory effect on motivation.
6
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Diversity of connections of the temporal neocortex with amygdaloid nuclei in the dog (Canis familiaris)

80%
Kosmal A., Malinowska M., Woznicka A.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1997
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vol. 57
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issue 4
289-314
EN
Reciprocal connections of amygdaloid nuclei with the temporal neocortex in the dog were investigated. Injections of fluorescent tracers and BDA into particular temporal areas were made in eleven dogs. The topographical arrangement of connections and variations in their density differentiate the temporal neocortex in the dog into a few regions. Among them, the cortex involving the anterior part of the ectosylvian gyrus did not send any amygdalopetal projection. The middle ectosylvian, dorsal zone of the posterior ectosylvian and the anterior part of the Sylvian gyrus were weakly connected with the amygdala. The cortical region involving the ventral zone of the posterior ectosylvian and composite posterior areas, as well as posterior Sylvian gyrus, was characterized by profuse connections with the amygdaloid complex. Corticoamygdaloid connections originate in the wide cortical area of the auditory cortex of the middle and dorsal part of the posterior ectosylvian gyrus as well as in the auditory association cortex located in the ventral ectosylvian, composite posterior and posterior Sylvian gyri. The connections showed a dorso ventral gradient of increasing density, in the direction of association fields. The most substantial projection taking rise from the ectosylvian posterior and posterior composite gyri terminated preferentially in the pericapsular sector of the lateral amygdaloid nucleus and, to a lesser degree, in its medial sector. Terminals of connections originating in the Sylvian gyrus occupied preferentially the intermediate part of the lateral nucleus, slightly more medially than that from the ectosylvian and posterior composite areas. Additionally, axonal terminals derived from the composite posterior and Sylvian posterior areas were observed in the basal parvocellular and magnocellular nuclei.Neocortical projections were reciprocated by amygdalofugal connections with two exceptions: the basal magnocellular nucleus was distinguished by a substantial amygdalofugal projection to the temporal neocortex focused on the dorsal Sylvian gyrus, and the central nucleus of the amygdala, in contrast, received an exclusively corticofugal projection.
7
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Effect of unilateral somatosensory cortex lesion upon locomotion in dogs

80%
Blaszczyk J. W., Dobrzecka C.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1995
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vol. 55
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issue 2
133-140
EN
Locomotive limb movements were studied in 6 dogs before and after unilateral primary somatosensory cortex (SI)lesion. Single limb movement parameters as well as interlimb coordination in lesioned dogs differed significantly from the parameters measured before surgery.Both left limbs showed a proprioceptive deficit and were more flexed during normal posture and during locomotion.This resulted in prolonged stance in the left fore and in the right hind legs.The symptoms were greatly pronounced in the left fore limb compared to a slightly impaired left hindlimb. Due to the proprioceptive deficit, the dogs did not have satisfactory control over the position of the distal part of the front limb which caused frequent stumbling and even falling. The symptoms were transient and fully compensated after 3-4 weeks.
8

Identification of synaptonemal complexes in postnatal oocytes from one-day-old puppies of domestic dog (Canis familiaris)

80%
Lechniak D., Sosnowski J., Witonski M.
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vol. 38
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issue 4
477-479
EN
The present paper describes a synaptonemal complexes analysis carried out on oocytes collected from the ovaries of one-day-old puppies of domestic dog (Canis familiaris). Ovaries have been collected from 20 individuals altogether. Synaptonemal complexes were identified in oocytes originating from two puppies. It is concluded that the onset of canine female meiosis may occur earlier than previously reported.
9

Polymorphism of nine canine-derived microsatellites in farm silver foxes (Vulpes fulvus)

70%
Zajac M., Klukowska J., Slomski R., Switonski M.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2000
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vol. 41
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issue 1
43-50
EN
Polymorphism of nine canine-derived microsatellites (CPH1, CPH3, CPH6, CPH11, 2004, 2010, 2140,2168 and 2319) was studied in a group of 91 unrelated silver foxes kept on a commercial farm. Among the studied microsatellites two appeared to be dimorphic (CPH1 and 2140) and another two (2010 and 2319) were highly polymorphic, with PIC (Polymorphic Information Content) values of 0.775 and 0.692, respectively. Other five microsatellites demonstrated medium polymorphism and the PIC values ranged from 0.548 to 0.616. It was calculated that if all the studied markers were applied for paternity testing, then combined exclusion probability would be 0.989. Microsatellite polymorphisms in the silver fox, blue fox and dog were compared and tendency toward longer alleles in the dog was revealed. It was confirmed that canine-derived microsatellites can be successfully applied for parentage control and genome mapping in silver foxes.
10
Content available remote

Effects of the anterior temporal lobe lesions, separate or combined with hippocampal damage, on spatial delayed responses guided by auditory stimulus

70%
Kowalska D. M.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1999
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vol. 59
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issue 4
303-313
EN
Seventeen dogs were trained in a three-choice auditory spatial delayed response task, guided by auditory stimulus, at a 10 s delay to a criterion of 90% correct responses in 90 consecutive trials. Four dogs then received bilateral anterior temporal lobe lesions (AT), 6 dogs received hippocampal lesions (H), and 7 dogs served as controls (C). Group C reached postoperative criterion immediately while groups AT and H needed additional training. When subsequently tested at longer delays and with distractions, the group H animals performed more poorly than either the AT or C animals. Further, the group H dogs were again impaired when they retrained at a 10 s delay. In the second phase, the group H and AT animals received a second lesion forming a group (HAT) with bilateral lesions to both the hippocampus and the anterior temporal lobe. Unexpectedly, dogs from group HAT were unimpaired in either postoperative retraining or during performance task and distractions. The results emphasize the importance of the hippocampus in spatial delayed response with an acoustic cue. Effect of combined lesions after extensive training is discussed. Data might support the view, that the hippocampus plays time limited role in memory storage.
11
Content available remote

Cytoarchitecture of the canine perirhinal and postrhinal cortex

70%
Woznicka A., Kosmal A.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2003
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vol. 63
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issue 3
197-209
EN
The perirhinal cortex in the dog?s brain is composed of two traditional Brodmann?s areas: 35 and 36. Area 35 is situated along the entire rostro-caudal extent of the fundus of the posterior rhinal sulcus, whereas area 36 occupies its lateral bank. In this study, four subdivisions were distinguished in area 35 based on cytoarchitectonic differentiation. Area 36 is poorly developed in the dog?s brain and was divided into two subdivisions. The most characteristic features of area 35 are: a wide layer I, scattered cell clusters in layer II, and a prominent layer V containing a distinct population of large multiform neurons. Area 36 can be recognized by the presence of numerous cell clusters in layer II and increasing radial arrangement of neurons in deep layers of the area. Two fields of the postrhinal cortex were identified in the additional postrhinal gyrus, which is found in the fundus of the most caudal extent of the posterior rhinal sulcus.
12

The dog genome map and its use in mammalian comparative genomics

61%
Switonski M., Szczerbal I., Nowacka J.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2004
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vol. 45
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issue 2
195-214
EN
The dog genome organization was extensively studied in the last ten years. The most important achievements are the well-developed marker genome maps, including over 3200 marker loci, and a survey of the DNA genome sequence. This knowledge, along with the most advanced map of the human genome, turned out to be very useful in comparative genomic studies. On the one hand, it has promoted the development of marker genome maps of other species of the family Canidae (red fox, arctic fox, Chinese raccoon dog) as well as studies on the evolution of their karyotype. But the most important approach is the comparative analysis of human and canine hereditary diseases. At present, causative gene mutations are known for 30 canine hereditary diseases. A majority of them have human counterparts with similar clinical and molecular features. Studies on identification of genes having a major impact on some multifactorial diseases (hip dysplasia, epilepsy) and cancers (multifocal renal cystadenocarcinoma and nodular dermatofibrosis) are advanced. Very promising are the results of gene therapy for certain canine monogenic diseases (haemophilia, hereditary retinal dystrophy, mucopolysaccharidosis), which have human equivalents. The above-mentioned examples prove a very important model role of the dog in studies of human genetic diseases. On the other hand, the identification of gene mutations responsible for hereditary diseases has a substantial impact on breeding strategy in the dog.
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