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1

Allelochemistry of carrot (Daucus carota L.)

100%
Lipok J.
Biotechnologia
|
2000
|
issue 3
100-105
EN
Any different strategies used by higher plants to win the life competition, always involve chemical interactions between organisms. Allelochemicals are standard chemical weapons not only in the case of toxic plants; they are also present in common vegetables such as carrot. Numerous chemical compounds synthesised in carrot tissues, such as asarones, chlorogenic acid, trans-2-nonenal, and sesquiterpenes show allelopatic activity. Asarones are synthesised in carrot leaves and stems in varying quantity during the growth season. There are known examples of nemathocidal and herbicidal activity of these compounds. These phenylpropanoids also have a moderate influence on the insects behaviour. The results of in vitro studies showed fungicidal activity of asarones against several species of phytopathogenic fungi. Chlorogenic acid and trans-2-nonenal isolated from carrot roots show insecticidal activity against carrot fly (Psila rosae Fabr.) larvae. Carrot seed oil and its main sesquiterpen components as carotol, caryophyllen and caryophyllen oxide, exhibited herbicidal or fungicidal activity.
2

DcMaster transposon display markers as a tool for diversity evaluation of carrot breeding materials and for hybrid seed purity testing

100%
Macko A., Grzebelus D.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2008
|
vol. 49
|
issue 1
33-39
EN
In recent years, transposon insertion polymorphisms have been utilized as molecular markers, and a range of techniques tailored towards identification of insertion sites of various transposable elements have been developed. In the present paper we describe the application of a recently developed DcMaster transposon display system to analyse the genetic diversity of Polish breeding materials of carrot (Daucus carota) and to identify polymorphisms useful for hybrid seed purity testing. Using 3 sets of breeding materials (each consisting of the cytoplasmic male sterility stock, the maintainer, the pollinator, and the corresponding F1 hybrid), we identified 56 DcMTD markers. DcMaster insertion sites proved to be highly polymorphic in cultivated carrot, as 79% of all insertion sites differentiated between individual plants. Fourteen stock-specific DcMTD markers were further selected as potentially useful for hybrid seed purity testing.
3

The effect of cefotaxime and carbenicillin on viability and development of carrot protoplasts

88%
Grzebelus E., Grabka M., Baranski R.
Biotechnologia
|
2010
|
issue 2
156-164
EN
We examined the toxicity of two antibiotics belonging to the betalactam group, to carrot (Daucus carota L.) protoplasts. Leaf protoplasts were cultured in the presence of cefotaxime or carbenicillin applied in five concentrations in the range from 0.1 to 0.5 mg ml-1. Cell viability, division frequency, and regeneration capacity were assessed to determine the potential toxic effect of the antibiotics. Both antibiotics significantly reduced protoplast viability and their ability to divisions. Their toxic effect intensified linearly with increasing antibiotic concentrations in the culture medium. More pronounced negative effect exhibited carbenicillin, which was evident 24 h after protoplast isolation. It also lowered cell mitotic activity two- to ten-fold, as compared to the control. Despite different reaction of cells exposed to carbenicillin and cefotaxime, callus tissue and somatic embryos were successfully obtained and allowed efficient plant regeneration. The comparison of the obtained results indicates that cefotaxime used in concentrations up to 0.2 mg ml-1 can be recommended in carrot cell cultures to prevent microbial contamination.
4

Obtaining carrot (Daucus carota L.) plants in isolated microspore cultures

88%
Gorecka K., Kowalska U., Krzyzanowska D., Kiszczak W.
|
|
vol. 51
|
issue 2
141-147
EN
Microspores were cultured on the modified B5 liquid medium containing 2.4D (0.1 mg L?1), NAA (0.1 mg L?1), L-glutamine (500 mg L?1), L-serine (100 mg L?1), and sucrose (100 g L?1). The developmental stages of microspores and divisions were observed. Initially, the formation of binuclear and multicellular structures was noticed. Plants regenerated in the cultures in which the tetrad stage of microsporogenesis had predominated. Embryoids were still forming 24 weeks after the cultures were set up. Six weeks after the transfer of androgenetic embryos onto the B5 regeneration medium, they were converted into complete plants. Out of 90 androgenetic plants planted in a growth chamber, 42 plants adapted to the new conditions. All of those plants proved to be diploids in cytometric analysis.
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