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EN
Acalypha indica is the important medicinal herb found commonly on the waste land and roadsides throughout India. Their various uses in traditional medicine are for curative properties against inflammation, rheumatism, respiratory disorders, fever, bacterial infection and jaundice. The mosquito control potential of common indigenous plant, Acalypha indica. Mosquito species used for toxicity bioassay are Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles gambiae and Armigeres subalbatus. Acalypha indica activities of the plant extracts vary according to the species. The mortality rate of 4th stage larva at 5% concentration was significantly higher than the mortality, rates at 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% concentrations of crude plant extract at 12 hours and 24 h exposure. A higher mortality rate was observed at 24 h bioassay than at 12 h. Since these plants are available very easily and cheaply, we can use these extracts in the field.
EN
The use of botanicals as an alternative to the chemical compounds is gaining tremendous momentum because of its multifarious advantages. In view of its increasing interest, an attempt was made in the present study to assess the larvicidal and ovicidal potential of important plant like P. graveolens against three mosquito species. The third instar larvae were exposed to different concentrations (i.e. 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 ppm) of methanol, diethyl ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate oil extracts of seed of P. graveolens plant. The mortality was recorded after 24 hrs exposure and LC50 and LC90 were determined. The ovicidal activity was determined against three mosquito species to different concentrations ranging from 70–350 ppm lower than the laboratory conditions. The present investigation revealed that the LC50 values methanol, diethyl ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of P. graveolens against An. stephensi larvae were 21.54, 24.21, 26.34 and 22.83 mg/L respectively. Ovicidal activity of methanol extract was assessed by assessing the egg hatchability. Highest concentrations 210, 280 and 350 ppm of extract exhibited 100% ovicidal activity. The results clearly show that larvicidal and ovicidal activity was dose reliant. The highest larvicidal and ovicidal activity against An. stephensi was obtained with methanol extract of P. graveolens.
EN
A new series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were prepared from the condensation of acid hydrazide,5-bromo-2-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoic acid in POCl3 by ultrasonic irradiation method. The new synthetic method furnished the desired products in shorter time and good yields. The chemical structures of compounds 4a-h were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) and elemental analyses. Larvicidal bioassay tests were performed using several 2-(5-bromo-2-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl)-5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazole. These synthesized compounds presented strong larvicidal activity against urban mosquitoes Culex quinquefasciatus. The results suggest that larvicidal activity might be correlated with the presence of electron-withdrawing substituents in the para position of the phenyl ring. The alterations observed in the larvae spiracular valves of the siphon and anal papillae by 1,3,4-oxadiazoles in the larvicidal bioassay are responsible for larvae’s death.
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