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Water Quality Index and Human Health Risk Assessment of Class B Swimming Pools in Owerri Municipal, Nigeria

100%

Ngozi V. E., Nwachukwu J. I., Chidera Lydia U. C., Wirnkor V. A.

World News of Natural Sciences

2021

vol. 38

60-82

Assessments of public swimming pools in Owerri municipal, Imo state, Nigeria was carried out for the purpose of determining the suitability of water for swimming in this fun loving town of Nigeria. Five public pools were selected by purposive sampling from more than 30 pools in the area. Water samples were collected in the morning and evening from pools and analyzed in triplicates for physicochemical properties and heavy metals content by using standard method for water analysis and Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Data obtained were compared with WHO and EPA standards for drinking and recreational water and modeled on the Water Quality Index (WQI). Results revealed that pH ranged from 7.10±0.02 to 8.1±1.27 pH units, EC ranged from 40 ±3.11 µS/cm to 80±3.44 µS/cm, COD value ranged from 0.08±0.07 to 1.02 ±0.91, BOD value ranged from 0.03±0.02 to 3.14±0.13, dissolved oxygen (DO) ranged 3.9±1.77 mg/kg to 9.3±2.41 mg/kg, suspended solids ranged from 6.43±8.21 mg/l to 42.44±7.00 mg/l, total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged from 22±2.90 mg/l to 97.98±8.79 mg/l. The major cations were below the standard. Nitrate ranged from 0.91±0.02 mg/l to 0.96 mg/l, sulphate ranged from 2.34±0.10 mg/l to 2.81±0.11mg/l, phosphate ranged from 0.34±0.02 mg/l to 0.65±0.02 mg/l while chloride ranged from 12.75±1.89 mg/l to 31.89±2.04 mg/l with mean 24.23 mg/l. Except for chloride, all other studied anions were lower than the permissible limit set by WHO/EPA. Concentration of lead (Pb), iron (Fe), Copper (Cu) were also below the permissible limit. The individual WQ indexes showed A (3.32), B (5.44), C (10.08), D (12.40) and E (9.77) with average WQI of 8.20 suggesting that the swimming pools are of “Excellent water quality”, thereby suggesting safe swimming pools for recreational activities in the study area. Values of exposure pathways for all metals at all swimming.

Determination of H2S and HCl concentration limits in the fuel for anode supported SOFC operation

100%

Błesznowski M., Jewulski J., Zieleniak A.

Open Chemistry

2013

vol. 11

issue 6

960-967

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is an electric generator, operating based on electrochemical reaction converting gaseous fuel to electricity and heat. It is characterized by the high electrical efficiency of up to 70% with cogeneration and negligible emission of pollutants. Syngas from the biomass gasification is considered to be a possible fuel for solid oxide fuel cell systems. However, high level of contaminants such as H2S, HCl, alkali metals, tars and particulates, in addition to possibility of carbon deposition and high temperature gradients due to internal reforming of hydrocarbons requires cleaning and conditioning of the syngas stream. The current status of the effect of contaminants on the SOFC performance has been reviewed and effects of single contaminants (H2S, HCl) has been tested. It has been found that anode supported solid oxide fuel cell (AS-SOFC) with Ni/YSZ cermet anode can tolerate up to 1 ppm H2S and up to 10 ppm HCl without significant performance degradation. [...]

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1 World News of Natural Sciences

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1 Błesznowski M.

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1 Ngozi V. E.

1 Nwachukwu J. I.

1 Wirnkor V. A.

1 Zieleniak A.

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Water Quality Index and Human Health Risk Assessment of Class B Swimming Pools in Owerri Municipal, Nigeria

Determination of H2S and HCl concentration limits in the fuel for anode supported SOFC operation