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Effect of Plasmodium and Salmonella co-infection in a murine model

100%
Shukla G., Singh D., Sharma L., Koul A., Rishi P.
Open Medicine
|
2009
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vol. 4
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issue 3
340-347
EN
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Plasmodium and Salmonella co-infection in LACA mice. The parasitaemic level, bacterial load, histological alterations and levels of oxidants/antioxidant activity were measured. Co-infected mice had a high parasitaemic level, increased bacterial load, and died earlier than Plasmodium-infected mice. Histologically, co-infected mice had more architectural damage in the liver, spleen, kidney, and brain than the control groups. The level of lipid peroxidation was significantly increased and the activities of antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) were decreased in all organs of co-infected mice compared to the control groups, indicating depression of the antioxidant defense system. The present study demonstrates more severe histological and biochemical alterations in co-infected mice, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis for selection of appropriate treatments and reducing the likelihood of further complications.
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Malaria, hepatitis B and their co-infection among pregnant women visiting maternity centers in Akure, Nigeria

86%
Afolabi O. J., Bakare T. P.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2022
|
vol. 45
93-102
EN
The state of pregnancy is considered a high-risk factor for acquisition of malaria and hepatitis B infections due to hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy. The research was aimed at determining the prevalence of malaria, hepatitis B and their co-infection among pregnant women visiting maternity centers in Akure South Local Government. Five hundred pregnant women were examined from Comprehensive Health Centre, Arakale and Mother and Child Hospital, Oke- Aro for malaria and hepatitis B. Thick and thin blood smears were prepared to detect the presence of malaria parasites, hepatitis B virus kit was used to detect hepatitis B virus antigen. The results showed that 65.6% of the pregnant women were infected with malaria parasites, while 3.8% were infected with hepatitis B virus. It was further observed that 2.2% pregnant women who had malaria also had Hepatitis B. Malaria was more prevalent among the age group 21-25years (68.1%), and women in their third trimester (66.7%), while hepatitis B virus was more prevalent among age group 41-45years (14.3%) and women in their second trimester (4.6%). The study therefore revealed high prevalence of malaria and low prevalence of Hepatitis B infections among pregnant women in this study area. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and treatment of the two infections among pregnant women should be intensified to prevent maternal and neonate mortality.
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Distribution and Co-infection of Malaria and Syphilis in relation with ABO and rhesus among students of Federal University of Technology, Akure Ondo State, Nigeria

86%
Itansanmi-Ogundayomi A. I., Elemu A.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2023
|
vol. 49
111-121
EN
The human ABO blood and Rhesus could be an important determining factor in the distribution and co-infection of human malaria parasite and Syphilis infection. Owing to the widespread of malaria, reckless lifestyle and attitudes of present-day youths towards hygiene and sex-life, and increasing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) amongst students, it is crucial to assess the risk of exposure, distribution, and ascertain the most susceptible blood group to these infections. Malaria is an important cause of ill-health primarily transmitted by Female Anopheles mosquito and is responsible for severe morbidity and mortality especially in Sub-Sahara Africa and globally; while coinfection is the single or collective habitation of pathogenic organism in host body. Syphilis is an infection caused by Treponema sp usually transmitted by sexual contact via a chancre. This work investigated the possibility of individual susceptibility to malaria and syphilis infection when their ABO blood types and Rhesus is considered a predisposing factor. Two millimetres (2ml) of venous blood was obtained by venipuncture from asymptomatic subjects into ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic-acid (EDTA) anticoagulated blood containers, properly mixed and labelled appropriately. 229 respondents were subjected to ABO blood-typing using monoclonal Antisera A, B, AB, D and microscopic analysis for Plasmodium parasites screening using thick and thin smear approaches. Antibody specific test against treponema antigens (RDT) was also carried out using whole blood. Of the sampled individuals, 199(87%) and 30(13%) were rhesus D positive and negative respectively, where 75.1% was positive for Plasmodium infection. The relationship between ABO blood group and malaria parasite was significant in the study population (P = 0.002, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the distribution of malaria and syphilis in relation to ABO (see Fig 4) suggests that infection is equal.
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