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EN
Diagnostic possibilities of CGH and M-FISH techniques for detection of submicroscopic chromosomal imbalancies were compared on the basis of two cases of t(X;Y) and one case of marker chromosome. In cases with t(X;Y), the sequences specific for chromosome Y were detected by PCR and CGH, but the localisation of these sequences on the short arm of chromosome X was confirmed by the FISH technique, employing two Yp-specific probes for SRY and TSPY genes. Significant differences between above cases were revealed in the size of Yp chromosome fragments translocated on chromosome X. An extra material of chromosome marker could not be identified by classical banding and FISH techniques and it was only CGH and M-FISH techniques that enabled detecting the chromosomal origin of the marker. The applied CGH technique enabled finding subtle chromosomal imbalancies in the presented cases with a resolution of approximately 3 Mbp.
EN
Until recently marker chromosomes have presented a difficult diagnostic problem for cytogeneticists as well as for clinicians.Introducing of FISH to cytogenetic analysis has enabled identification of their origin giving possibility to outline specific phenotypic effect of defined marker chromosomes.Nine marker chromosomes were analysed with FISH using centromeric probes, chromosome-specific libraries and unique DNA sequences probes for PWS/AS critical region.The origin from acrocentric chromosomes was established in 6 cases.One marker was a product of maternal 11;22 translocation and two others were pericentromeric regions of chromosome 2 and 4.Among 6 markers, derived from acrocentric chromosomes, 2 consisted of pericentromeric part of chromosome 15, one was identified as mar (21) and in 3 other cases the origin could not be differentiated between chromomsomes including the risk for chromomsomal nondisjunction and trisomy 21 as well as the risk uniparental disomy (UPD) are discussesd.
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