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1

Chitosan from the fungi

100%
Jaworska M. M., Konieczna E.
Biotechnologia
|
2002
|
issue 2
78-87
EN
The method of chitosan separation from fungus cell walls was presented by White, Farina, Fulton in 1979. Since that time many other investigators worked on that subject. None of them succeeded in developing a technology that would be worth-while as faras the economical aspect of the matter is concerned. The yield of chitosan from fungal mass or from cultivation medium depends on several factors like: strain of fungi used, cultivation method (submerged cultures or solid-state cultures), cultivation parameters (pH, temperature, time of cultivation). The aim of this paper was to compare the literature and own data presenting the influence of culture conditions on chitosan yields.
2

Chitosanase from Absidia orchidis

80%
Jaworska M. M., Kusaoke H.
Biotechnologia
|
2002
|
issue 2
200-206
EN
Absidia orchidis can be used as a source of several enzymes, amongst which chitosanase is one of the most interesting. Chitosanase hydrolyses the links between the mers of glucosamine or between mers of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine in the chains of chitosan and chitin. The aim of the presented work was the preliminary investigations of the chitosanase from the fungus Absidia orchidis. This chitosanase is an intracellular enzyme with molecular weight approx. 36 000 Da. The optimal conditions for a hydrolysis of chitosan were pH 4.5 and temperature 25C. This enzyme is stable at the optimal temperature for 24-48 hours, but after 7 days it was inactivated.
3

An attempt to use artificially flocculated Yarrowia lipolytica cells for citric acid production

70%
Rymowicz W., Wojtatowicz M.
Biotechnologia
|
1996
|
issue 3
155-164
EN
Strains of Y.lipolytica were flocculated in the presence of two additives either bentonite or chitosan.The effects of the flocculant doses and the pH on the yeast flocculation were studied.Stability of cell flocs and their capability to citric acid production was examined in shaker flask and stirred bioreactoe cultures.The optimal flocculent dases corresponding to the maximal reduction of turbidity of cell suspensions (%RT) in the production medium were in the range of 10-110 mg chitosan/g biomass and 30-80 mg bentonite/g biomass.Flocculated Y.lipolytica produced less citric acid and the volumetric citric acid productivity was lower as compared to free call cultures.
4

The activity of chitin deacetylase and glycosidases of the crude enzyme extracts of Mucor rouxii mycelium

61%
Kolodziejska I., Wojtasz-Pajak A., Malesa-Ciecwierz M., Niecikowska C.
Biotechnologia
|
1997
|
issue 2
158-169
EN
The crude enzyme extract obtained from Mucor rouxii had optimal deacetylasde activity against chitosan acetylated in 39% in the Ph range of 5,2-5.9. Its activity against watger-soluble chitoologosaccharides, containing from 3 to 6 N-acetylglucosamine residues, was the higest in respect to (GlcNAc)s and nil against substrates containing less than 4 N-acetylglucosamine residues.Crystaline chitin was resistant to the deacetylase and to glycosidases present in the extract; amorphous chitin was noticeably more susceptible to these enzymes.Chitosan in the form of suspension was slightly deacetylated and hydrolysed by enzyme extracts.Solubilized chitosan acetylated in 39% was mostly susceptible to enzymatic deacetylation.The deacetylase activity in the extracts was inversely related and the chitonolytic activity was proportional to the deacetylation degree of soluble chitosan.
5

Enzymatic modification of chitin

61%
Kolodziejska I., Wojtasz-Pajak A., Sikorski Z. E.
Biotechnologia
|
1995
|
issue 3
133-139
EN
The role of chitinases, chitosanases, and chitin deacetylase in the biosynthesis and modification of chitin is presented.The biochemical properties of chitin deacetylase from Mucor rouxii are characterized in respect to its activity towards various chitin derivatives.This enzyme could be useful in biotechnological production of chitosan from chitin as an alternative method to tchermochemical deacetylation.
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