Search results

1

Expression of alpha and beta estrogen receptors in the chicken ovary

100%

Hrabia A., Wilk M., Rzasa J.

Folia Biologica

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2008

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vol. 56

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issue 3-4

187-191

EN

The role of estrogens in hen reproduction is well established. However, the distribution of estrogen receptors in the chicken ovary is unknown. Therefore, the mRNA expression of alpha (ERalpha) and beta (ERbeta) estrogen receptors was examined within the ovaries of laying hens. Expression of ERs was determined by RT-PCR analysis. The presence of ERalpha and ERbeta mRNAs was found in the ovarian stroma and white, yellowish, small yellow and the largest preovulatory (F3-F1) follicles. ERalpha and ERbeta mRNAs were detected in the granulosa and theca layers of the walls of preovulatory follicles. The expression of ERalpha mRNA was markedly higher than ER? mRNA in all examined ovarian compartments. Within the ovary, the relative expression of both ER mRNAs depends on the follicular diameter and the layer of the follicular wall. The results demonstrate the expression of both ERalpha mRNA and ERbeta mRNA in all compartments of the chicken ovary, suggesting different pathways of estrogen action in the avian ovary. Much higher expression of ERalpha mRNA indicates that this form of estrogen receptor is predominant in the chicken ovary. The clarification of the mechanism of ER? and ER? participation in the ovarian functions of birds necessitates further experiments examining ERs at the protein level.

2

Chicken (Gallus gallus) ? the recent achievments in animal genomics

100%

Slawinska A., Siwek M.

Biotechnologia

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2010

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issue 3

36-46

EN

Chicken (Gallus gallus) is one of the most important animal species worldwide. As a significant contributor to food industry, it provides eggs and meat, which are important sources of animal protein in human diet. Moreover, chicken has a unique genomic architecture, which has been investigated for many years. This paper summarizes the most recent achievements in the field of chicken genomics. Among domestic animals chicken was the first to be selected for genome sequencing. Nowadays extensive chicken genetic and genomic resources such as genetic maps (STR, SNP), RH panel, EST, nucleotide sequence, QTLs and genes are known and publicly available. Finally, high-throughput microarrays (60K SNP array and 44K gene expression array) have been designed for the chicken genome as a modern tool applied in genome-wide association studies and functional genomics.

3

The oviduct of transgenic birds ? a source of therapeutic proteins?

100%

Bednarczyk M., Lakota P., Wawrzynska M.

Biotechnologia

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2006

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issue 3

134-144

EN

The use of transgenic mammals for the production of therapeutic proteins was developed over two decades ago, and a number of proteins have been produced in the milk of animals. Therapeutic proteins produced in eggs of transgenic hens have significant advantages over transgenic mammalian systems, including: regular high eggs production, large number of progeny, short generation times, sterile contents of the eggs produced by specific pathogen free chickens and, well characterization of the regulatory sequences of white protein genes similar to human glycosylation of chicken IgGs, etc. In this overview, recent progress in the development of chicken bioreaktors was presented.

4

Composition of lipids from the glands of the external ear canal of the adult chicken

100%

Dutta S., Das S. K., Bhattacharyya S. P.

Folia Biologica

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1997

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vol. 45

103-108

EN

Six classes of neutral lipids, i.e. triacylglycerol (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), monoester waxes (MW), free- and esterified sterols (FST and SE), and squalene (SQ) were identified by thin layer chromatography of the lipid materials extracted separately from the secretion as well as from the isolated whole glands present in the skin of the floor of the external ear canal of the domestic fowl. Secretory lipids contained considerable proportions of MW fractions (17.03%), TG (22.23%), and SQ (14.66%), while TG was the major component (41.10%) in the lipids from the isolated glands. Polar lipids, which comprised about 16-20% of total glandular lipids, were shown to be composed primarily of sphingomyelin.

5

mRNA expression and immunocytochemical localization of leptin receptor in the oviduct of the laying hen (Gallus domesticus)

100%

Grzegorzewska A., Paczoska-Eliasiewicz H. E., Rzasa J.

Folia Biologica

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2008

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vol. 56

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issue 3-4

179-185

EN

The role of leptin in female reproduction is fairly well established in mammals, whereas reports concerning leptin action in birds are scarce. The aim of the present study was to detect leptin receptor (LEP-R) mRNA and to localize the leptin receptor protein in the oviduct of laying hens 2h after ovulation by the RT-PCR method and immunocytochemical staining. The RT-PCR reaction demonstrated expression of the long form of leptin receptor mRNA in all examined oviductal parts (infundibulum,magnum, isthmus and shell gland) and theweakest level was found in the isthmus. The expression of the short isoform was lower than the long formin all examined tissue samples and no differences between oviductal parts were observed. Immunostaining specific for leptin receptor was found in the walls of all examined oviductal parts. The intensity of the immunopositive reaction was the strongest in the epithelium of all examined parts of the oviduct and in the endothelium and muscles of blood vessels. The weakest immunopositive reaction was observed in tubular glands, the connective tissue layer and in circular and longitudinal muscles. The results obtained in this experiment suggest that the oviductmay be a target tissue for leptin,where this polypeptide hormonmay participate in egg formation and/or its transport through the oviduct of the domestic hen.

6

Expression of exogenous genes in blastodermal cells of chicken in vitro

100%

Bednarczyk M., Plucienniczak G., Plucienniczak A., Lakota P., Sochanik A., Dluzniewska A., Grajewski B.

Folia Biologica

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2003

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vol. 51

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issue 3-4

189-194

EN

Chicken blastodermal cells (BCs) from stage X embryos produce both somatic and germline chimeras when injected into the subgerminal cavity of recipient embryos. Transfection of the donor cells in vitro could lead to the production of chimeras capable of transmitting the transgene to their offspring. The aim of this study was to transfer and express foreign genes under control of the ovalbumin promoter in the BCs. The results showed that luciferase activity in the BCs reached a plateau value with a 2.0:1.0 or 5.0:1.0 liposome ? DNA ratio and using 1mug of DNA. Under this same condition, no difference was found in relative activity between the pGL-control and pOVALUC plasmid. The expression of other exogenous genes (green fluorescent protein and interferon alpha2a) driven by the chicken ovalbumin promoter in cultured chicken blastodermal cells in vitro is possible by this assay. Hatchability of recipient embryos after injection of 1, 500 or 800 transfected BCs was compared. The advantage of using a smaller number (800) of injected transfected BCs was that early embryonic mortality was reduced and resulted in higher (P<0.01) hatchability (24.5%) than in the case of 1, 500 BCs injected.

7

Embryonic birds? cell manipulation

100%

Bednarczyk M.

Biotechnologia

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2003

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issue 1

36-47

EN

Because of easy access to the developing embryo in the laid eggs, chicken embryos have been used as a favorite model in embryology and developmental biology. Several experiments have demonstrated that pluripotent blastodermal cells (BC) from stage X chicken embryo can be removed, dispersed, and injected into the subgerminal cavity of recipient embryos at the same stage of development. These blastodermal cells are able to colonize somatic tissues of treated embryos and can contribute to the germline, because stage X blastodermal cells obtained from freshly laid eggs contain primordial germ cells (PGC) or their precursor cells. In this overview the methods and two principal applications of chicken embryo cells manipulation are: 1) production of transgenic birds, and 2) preserving and reconstituting poultry foundation stocks were presented.

8

Divergent selection for skeletal malformations in chickens alters polymorphism at microsatellite loci

100%

Wardecka B., Jaszczak K., Pierzchala M., Parada R., Korczak M.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2004

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vol. 45

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issue 1

61-71

EN

The objective of this study was to determine microsatellite polymorphism in Rhode Island Red (RIR) and Sussex (SX) chickens, divergently selected over six generations for high (H) or low (L) incidence of skeletal defects in embryos (30.7% for H lines, 3.7% for L lines). The polymorphism analysis covered 15 microsatellite markers within four lines (a total of 60 individuals). Eight alleles were identified as specific to H lines and six alleles as specific to L lines. The selection for skeletal malformation appears to have affected the frequency of microsatellite alleles. The experimental material examined constitutes a valuable source for identification of real genes causing skeletal defects.

9

A novel single-nucleotide polymorphism of the visfatin gene and its associations with performance traits in the chicken

100%

Han R.-L., Lan X.-Y., Zhang L.-Z., Ren G., Jing Y.-J., Li M.-J., Zhang B., Zhao M., Guo Y.-K., Kang X.-T., Chen H.

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vol. 51

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issue 1

59-65

EN

Visfatin is a peptide that is predominantly expressed in visceral adipose tissue and is hypothesized to be related to obesity and insulin resistance. In this study, a novel silent single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was found in exon 7 of the chicken visfatin gene (also known as PBEF1) by single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and DNA sequencing. In total, 836 chickens forming an F2 resource population of Gushi chicken crossed with Anka broiler were genotyped by XbaI forced RFLP, and the associations of this polymorphism with chicken growth, carcass characteristics, and meat quality were analyzed. Significant associations were found between the polymorphism and 4-week body weight (BW4), 6-week body weight (BW6), 4-week body slanting length (BSL4), fat bandwidth (FBW), breast muscle water loss rate (BWLR) and breast muscle fiber density (BFD) (P < 0.05), as well as 4-week breastbone length (BBL4) (P < 0.01). These observations suggested that the polymorphism in exon7 of the visfatin gene had significant effects on the early growth traits of chicken.

10

Presence of histamine and mast cells in chicken oviduct

100%

Hrabia A., Rzasa J., Paczoska-Eliasiewicz H., Slomczynska M.

Folia Biologica

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2001

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vol. 49

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issue 3-4

265-271

EN

The purpose of the present study was: (1) to demonstrate immunocytochemically the localization of histamine in the wall of four chicken oviductal parts, i. e. infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, and shell gland, (2) to identify the presence of mast cells in chicken oviduct, and (3) to determine histamine concentration in oviductal tissue by the spectrofluorometric method. Experiments were carried out on Isa Brown laying hens decapitated just after oviposition. The specific immuno-reactivity for histamine and the presence of mast cells were found in the wall of all the examined oviductal parts. The immuno-reactive histamine was localized in epithelium, tubular glands, connective tissue layer, circular and longitudinal muscles, and endothelium and muscles of blood vessels. The intensity of immuno-positive reaction was as follows: infundibulum > shell gland > magnum = isthmus and correlated with quantitatively determined histamine level and tissue density of mast cells. It is suggested that mast cells are the main source of histamine in the chicken oviduct.

11

Relationship between microsatellite marker alleles on chromosomes 1-5 originating from the Rhode Island Red and Green-legged Partrigenous breeds and egg production and quality traits in F2 mapping population

88%

Wardecka B., Olszewski R., Jaszczak K., Zieba G., Pierzchala M., Wicinska K.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2002

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vol. 43

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issue 3

319-329

EN

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the origin of marker alleles from the Rhode Island Red (RIR) and Green-legged Partrigenous (GlP) breeds and chosen egg production and quality traits in F2 generation consisting of 10 full-sib families. Polymorphism analysis of 23 microsatellite markers within the mapping population (519 F2) was made. In parental generation 17 alleles were identified as specific for the GlP and 23 for the RIR. The least squares method was used to evaluate the significance of effects of genotype (GlP/GlP, RIR/RIR, GlP/RIR) on the analysed quantitative traits. Thirty traits of egg production and quality were measured during the laying period. It was shown that the effects of the genotype (GlP/GlP, RIR/RIR, GlP/RIR) at the loci on analysed traits of F2 animals were diversified. Significant effects were found for 16 traits. These results confirm that the analysed microsatellite loci may be linked to the genes affecting egg production and quality traits. The loci examined and the experimental population constitutes a valuable material for QTL mapping (linkage analysis).

12

Effects of intra-hippocampal D-AP5 injections on one trial passive avoidance learning in adult laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

88%

Krause T. E., Naguib M., Petow S.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2008

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vol. 68

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issue 4

494-501

EN

Domestic chickens are an established model organism for studies on learning and memory. Commonly, the chicks are used as subjects in several different learning tests, including one trial learning tests. However, for adult laying hens no such one trial learning tests have been established. In particular, there is no test established which focuses on the role of the hippocampus, a brain region, which is often critically involved in learning and memory consolidation. In this study we investigated the inhibitory effects of intra-hippocampal D-AP5 injections on a specific one trial passive avoidance learning test in adult laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus). We used a step down avoidance learning paradigm (SDA) which is frequently used in rodents. Intra-hippocampal injections of D-AP5 impaired the learning abilities of adult laying hens compared to sham-injected control subjects. Thus, the experiments revealed that the hippocampus is critically involved in learning the inhibitory SDA task. Our results further indicate that the step down avoidance paradigm is suitable to examine learning and memory processes in adult laying hens.

13

Effect of 9-cis retinoic acid (RA) on sex hormone secretion and RA receptor expression in chicken ovarian follicles

88%

Pawlowska K., Sechman A., Suchanek I., Grzegorzewska A., Rzasa J.

Folia Biologica

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2008

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vol. 56

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issue 1-2

65-72

EN

Several lines of evidence indicate that retinoids, derivates of vitamin A, affect reproductive function in birds, however, the mechanism of their action in the ovary is still unknown. Therefore, the present study was designed (i) to show whether in the domestic hen 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis RA), one of the retinoids, influences steroid secretion in vitro by white and yellow chicken ovarian follicles, and (ii) to detect expression of retinoic acid RXR receptor mRNA in these follicles. The white follicles (small: 1-4 mm, medium: 4-6 mm and large 6-8 mm in diameter) and the three largest yellow preovulatory follicles (F3-F1; 25-37 mm) were isolated from the ovary 3 h before ovulation. The granulosa layer was separated from the theca layer in the preovulatory follicles, which were subsequently divided into 4 equal pieces. The isolated whole white follicles or parts of the granulosa or theca layers were incubated for 24 h at 38oC in Eagle's medium in the following 4 groups: control, ovine LH (oLH; 10 ng/ml), 9-cis RA (100 ng/ml) and 9-cis RA + oLH. After incubation, the medium was collected for estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) determination while tissues were saved for protein assay. It was found that 9-cis RA affects steroid secretion from chicken ovarian follicles. It decreased E2 secretion from white follicles and from the theca layer of the two largest (F2 and F1) preovulatory follicles. 9-cis RA had no effect on oLH-stimulated E2 secretion by the white follicles and yellow F2 and F1 follicles, but it diminished E2 secretion by F3 follicles. As regards P4, the effect of 9-cis RA was opposite; it increased P4 secretion from the granulosa layer of all preovulatory follicles. 9-cis RA did not change oLH-stimulated P4 secretion by granulosa layers of F3 and F2 follicles, however, it inhibited oLH-enhanced P4 secretion from the F1 granulosa layer. In a separate experiment, the presence of mRNA encoding RXR was found in the stroma and all follicles of the chicken ovary by means of the RT-PCR technique. The results indicate that retinoids, acting by specific nuclear receptors, are modulators of follicular steroidogenesis in the chicken ovary.

14

Associations of ATGL gene polymorphisms with chicken growth and fat traits

88%

Nie Q.-H., Fang M.-X., Xie L., Shen X., Liu J., Luo Z.-P., Shi J.-J., Zhang X.-Q.

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vol. 51

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issue 2

185-191

EN

Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) catalyses the initial step in triglyceride hydrolysis, so the ATGL gene is a candidate for growth and fat traits in chickens. Nine reported single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in 3 exons of the chicken ATGL gene were chosen for genotyping an F2 population. Only 5 SNPs were confirmed for polymorphisms and used for association analyses. The results show that c.531G>A (p.E177Syn) was not associated with any growth and fat traits (P > 0.05), but c.782G>A (p.S261N) was associated with body weight (BW) on days 14, 21, 35, 63, 70, 77, cingulated fat width and abdominal fat pad weight (P < 0.05), and significantly associated with BW on days 42, 49, and 56 (P < 0.01). Significant associations of c.903C>T (p.F301Syn) with BW on days 49 and 77 days and crude protein content of breast muscle (P < 0.05), and c.1164G>A (p.K388Syn) with BW on day 7 (P < 0.05) were also detected. Additionally, c.1069T>C (p.L357Syn) was associated with breast muscle colour (P < 0.05), and significantly associated with crude fat (ether extract) content of breast muscle (P < 0.01). Thus the missense SNP of c.782G>A (p.S261N) was significantly associated with the largest number of chicken growth and fat traits in this study.

15

In ovo technology ? a tool modern prophylactic in poultry

75%

Bednarczyk M., Brzezinska J., Slawinska A., Siwek M., Urbanowski M., Kasperczyk K.

Biotechnologia

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2010

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issue 1

109-118

EN

Bird (chick) embryonic development takes place within the egg ? in ovo, outside its mother's body, making the embryo readily accessible to intervention, through the window which is cut in the eggshell. This fact was initially used for elaboration of in ovo embryo vaccination technology. Advances in animal biotechnology suggest several novel approaches that may be applied to in ovo technology, including for example: stimulation of beneficial bacterial profile in the colon of chicken, stimulation of immunological response, stimulation of embryonic development, theratogenic effects testing, selection for sexual phenotype, injection of genetically modified cells, etc. The use of feed additions such as prebiotics and probiotics or their combination- synbiotics influences health and chicken performance. Their administration in ovo could have an advantageous impact on an early development of immunological system in broiler chickens. In this overview, the new possibilities for practical use of the above-mentioned additions administrated by in ovo technology were presented.

Refine search results

Expression of alpha and beta estrogen receptors in the chicken ovary

Chicken (Gallus gallus) ? the recent achievments in animal genomics

The oviduct of transgenic birds ? a source of therapeutic proteins?

Composition of lipids from the glands of the external ear canal of the adult chicken

mRNA expression and immunocytochemical localization of leptin receptor in the oviduct of the laying hen (Gallus domesticus)

Expression of exogenous genes in blastodermal cells of chicken in vitro

Embryonic birds? cell manipulation

Divergent selection for skeletal malformations in chickens alters polymorphism at microsatellite loci

A novel single-nucleotide polymorphism of the visfatin gene and its associations with performance traits in the chicken

Presence of histamine and mast cells in chicken oviduct

Relationship between microsatellite marker alleles on chromosomes 1-5 originating from the Rhode Island Red and Green-legged Partrigenous breeds and egg production and quality traits in F2 mapping population

Effects of intra-hippocampal D-AP5 injections on one trial passive avoidance learning in adult laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Effect of 9-cis retinoic acid (RA) on sex hormone secretion and RA receptor expression in chicken ovarian follicles

Associations of ATGL gene polymorphisms with chicken growth and fat traits

In ovo technology ? a tool modern prophylactic in poultry