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EN
A porous gelatin sponge Spongostan (Ferrosan Denmark) as a carrier for the cultivation of several adherent cell lines and strains was tested. This material provide considerably greater surface available for cells than conventional bottles. Moreover, it allows to maintain high cell viability (over 87%) during culture time. When cells were cultured on Spongostan discs (wet vol. 0.11 cm3), no phenotypic changes in cell adherence and proliferation dynamics were observed. However, when cells adhered to Spongostan were frozen down and kept for 5 months in liquid nitrogen, they lost about 65% of their viability. Generally, Spongostan can be considered as a universal carrier for three-dimensional culture of many cell types, but it cannot be used for cells? freezing.
EN
Biology of animal cell in vitro is discussed. Technical conditions for animal cell cultivation are presented. Special attention to two culture systems is given: one is the use of microcarriers for anchorage-dependent cells cultivation, the other concerns the ACUSYST hollow-fiber technology.
EN
The applications of cell cultures and transgenic plants in several aspects of modern biotechnology are reviewed. The usefulness of cell cultures in biosynthetic pathway investigation, micropropagation, development of new varieties, genetic mapping and gene functioning analysis and industrial production of bioactive compounds are pointed out. The emphasis of this review is also laid on scientific aspects of transgenic plants. They are successfully used for promoters and other gene regulatory sequences study, investigation of plant primary and secondary metabolite pathways and for improving both the productivity and quality of crops. Since there is a risk to transgenic plant technology mainly because of antibiotic resistance used for transgenes selection, several methods have been worked out for release marker gene which are also briefly reviewed.
EN
Basic modes of bioreactor operation (bath, semicontinuous and continuous), and main culture systems (suspended growth, attached growth on microcarriers) are shortly described.Main problem in bioreactor design and operation, including hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer, cell viability, measurement and control, are discussed.Some particular problems: mixing systems, air supply systems, power dissipation, external and internal diffusion are discussed in a greater detail.Examples of specific reactor design are given, namely: stirred tank reactors, bubble columns, gas lift reactors, liquid jet reactors, packed bed reactors fluidised bed reactors, membrane reactors.New research problem are outlined.
EN
Techniques as well as substances capable of stimulating cultured Schwann cell (SC) proliferation are needed for future therapeutical applications. In this work, the effects of interferon beta (IFNbeta) and glatiramer acetate (GA) on SC cultures were tested, with interest on the growth curve and potential proliferative effects. Primary cultures were prepared from the sciatic nerves of neonatal rats and seeded onto culture plates. Such cells were then subjected to treatment with different doses of IFN beta (100, 500 and 1000 IU/ml) and of GA (1.2, 2.5 and 5.0 mmg/ml) for five consecutive days. S100beta and DAPI double labeling was used in order to confirm the purity of the cultures. Both treatment with IFN and GA resulted in an increased number of cultured SCs. However, only IFN beta induced a statistically significant proliferative outcome. Such results indicate that addition of IFN beta to the culture medium is efficient in order to improve SC proliferation in vitro.
EN
In the last decade fast development of modern cell culture techniques is observed. Some new high performance cell culture bioreactors are being designed and tested. These reactors are usually configurated with cell separators to cell recycling. As separators, microfilters, ultrafilters, continuous flow centrifuges and settlers are proposed. The main systems allowing to carry out the high cell density cultures and numerous technological applications of these systems are presented in this review.
EN
Anther and somatic tissue culture in combination with mutagenesis were carried out to evaluate the efficiency of different mutagenic treatments of various in vitro culture materials, and to obtain some promising variants for rice improvement. Results indicated that in japonica rice radiation treatment of dry seeds and young panicles influenced the percentage of green plantlets regeneration from anther culture. Both treatments increased significantly the percentage of regenerated green plantlets in comparison with the control. Irradiation with 30 Gy of rice callus increased also the percentage of regenerated green plantlets. For indica rice, the combination of the suitable dose of gamma rays irradiation on seeds and an improved medium, increased the percentage of callus induction. This approach made it possible to use anther culture in indica rice breeding. Somatic tissue cultures combined with radiation-induced mutagenesis led to the development of a number of promising mutants including some new cytoplasm-nucleus interacting male-sterile lines with almost 100% stigma exsertion. Their development would be of practical significance for increasing the genetic diversity for production of hybrid rice.
EN
Modern biotechnology is looking for a new source of high quality pharmaceuticals. Interestingly, many of such pharmaceuticals are often natural products provided by plants. An example is a vast array of secondary metabolites. Apart from extraction of these compounds from plant material, many different strategies have been proposed to efficiently produce some of them, using suspension cell cultures. Plants are also a good source of many recombinant proteins, offering a possibility of posttranslational modifications which are limited in prokaryotes. Efficient systems of stable and transient heterologous protein expression for the industrial scale were developed. Here, we briefly introduce such strategies and give examples of different plant products obtained by applying them.
EN
The commercial exploitation of the baculovirus expression system for heterologous protein or biopesticides production requires an efficient large-scale cultivation method. This review summarized recent developments concerning the scale-up of insect cell culture and baculovirus gene expression. We described novel bioreactor systems (stirred tank bioreactor, bioreactor airlift and cell-lift, membrane bioreactor), culture modes (batch, fed-batch, continuous) and different strategies used for cell cultivation and baculovirus replication.
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105-116
EN
Tissue culture has been utilized for producing virus free plants for vegetative propagation and genetic engineering. In addition, altered cells lines showing higher productivity of secondary metabolities can be obtained using tissue culture. The wide use of tissue culture requires the development of new preservation techniques for in vitro culture material. One of this method is growth reduction achieved by modifying various parameters such as: temperature, culture medium, gasous environment. However, crypreservation (i. e. storage in liquid nitrogen. -196?C) is the only method available nowadays for long-term conservation. New cryopreservation techniques such as encapsulation-dehydratation, vitrification and desiccation helped expend the list of plant species that can tolerate low temperatures and are characterized by a normal rate of growth. Each step of the cryopreservation procces requires specific conditions.
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