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1

Possibility of the application of various fragments of maize (Zea mays L.) embryos in cultures in vitro

100%
Szechynska M., Filek M.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 2
111-117
EN
The aim of the performed investigations was to determine which part of the embryo has the optimal properties for callus induction at low concentrations of 2,4-D (2 mgdm-3). The explants were cut along or across the embryo axis into 2, 3, 4 fragments and cultured on the Murashige and Skoog medium for 6 weeks. It was found that callus derived from mature embryos (dry seeds) is characterised by comparable fresh and dry mass and by similar changes in size of the cells with fragments derived from mature embryos (but before the dormant) and from immature embryos. Essential difference was observed in the germination ability of the explants. The percentage of germination of mature embryo fragments was the lowest. It was demonstrated that despite of the embryo type, fragments originating from its central part appeared the most suitable for in vitro culture. In the case of these fragments the highest increase of the fresh mass of callus tissue, optimal morphological features and the appearance of meristematic centres were observed.
2

Conditions for efficient induction and maintenance of callus cultures Vaccinium corymbosum var. Bluecrop and its accumulation of polyphenolic compounds

100%
Dembinska-Migas W., Luczkiewicz M., Migas P., Cisowski W.
Biotechnologia
|
1998
|
issue 2
174-185
EN
Zimmerman & Bromme and Schenk & Hildebrandt media with unchanged content of plant growth regulators in the basic medium, were used to develop the optimum conditions for efficient production of callus tissue of Vaccinium corymbosum var. Bluecrop. It has been determined that, of the auxins used, it was 2,4-D which has the most beneficial effect on callus tissue growth. Zeatin was found to regulate the water content of the tissue obtained. Quercetin-3-O-glucoside, as well as quercetin-3-O-galactoside were identified and analysed quantitatively in the callus tissue from in vitro cultures. Moreover, the following phenolic acids were identified in the callus with the use of chromatography: ferulic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, as well as gallic acid and protocatechuic acid which were also analysed quantitatively in the researched tissue material. Phytochemical monitoring of the propagated tissues for different production media (HPLC analysis) did not show any relationship between the plant growth regulators used and the analysed secondary metabolites.
3

Effects of IAA, BA and light conditions on differentiation of pepper callus in vitro

100%
Gatz A., Reinke M.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 2
176-184
EN
The aim of the presented research was to determine the changes of morphology (texture, friability, coloration), and to extend the cytodifferentiation (tracheary element differentiation), as well as growth potential of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) callus in response to growth regulators (IAA, BA) and various light conditions. Callus was induced under l6-h photoperiod from embedded, mature embryos which were placed on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l 2,4-D. After induction, callus was transferred on MS medium with IAA and BA (0.02, 0.1, 0.5 mg/l), added alone and in combinations. The cultures were incubated both in 16-h photoperiod and darkness for 4 weeks. Auxin stimulated the formation of smooth callus surface, while cytokinin used alone and with various concentration of auxin showed the tendency to produce nodular callus. Soft and friable calli occurred in the presence of IAA, whereas BA frequently stimulated the compact one. Light effected the reduction of cells? cohesion of calli, regarding auxin medium and the increase of cells? cohesion in the case of the highest concentration of IAA with BA combinations. Green coloration associated with chloroplast differentiation was observed mainly in callus from medium containing cytokinin alone at higher concentrations and cytokinin with auxin also at higher concentrations. The largest number of explants with xylogenesis (100%) was noted at the highest concentration of BA added alone to medium and with combinations of IAA. Three types of the tracheary element arrangements (clusters of izodiametric cells, strands and whirls of elongated cells), were observed. The most effective callus growth occurred in the darkness and the increase of callus fresh weight was about twice bigger than under the light. The best combination of PGRs in callus growth appeared to be 0.1 mg/l IAA + 0.02 mg/l BA.
4

Plant regeneration from immature inflorescence-derived callus of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.): chromosome number and fertility of regenerated plants

100%
Zwierzykowski Z., Rybczynski J. J.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
1998
|
vol. 39
|
issue 3
217-224
EN
Twenty field-grown genotypes of diploid Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., 2n = 2x = 14) were tested for their ability to induce callus and regenerate plants. Callus cultures were initiated from segments of immature inflorescences cultured on the MS medium supplemented with 4.0 mg L-1 2,4-D. The calluses were subcultured first on the maintaining medium (MS medium with 2.0 mg L-1 2,4-D) and later on the rooting medium (MS medium with 0.2 mg L-1 2,4-D). The frequency of callus induction varied depending on the source of explant and the initial genotype. A total of 473 green plantlets were regenerated, of which 420 were established in the soil. All these plants had the morphological characteristics of Italian ryegrass. Among 372 regenerants analysed cytologically, 302 (81.2%) had the expected diploid chromosome number (2n = 2x = 14), 65 (17.5%) were tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28); several aneuploids and mixoploids were also observed. All diploid and tetraploid regenerants were male and female fertile. However, a great variation of female fertility within and between both groups of regenerants was observed.
5

Tracheogenesis in callus tissue of Plantago asiatica L.

100%
Andrzejewska-Golec E., Makowczynska J., Marek K.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 2
267-274
EN
2 Xylogenesis was observed in the morphogenic and nonmorphogenic calluses. The light microscopy was used for a histological study. The ultrastructure of the calluses was analysed using the JEM 100 B transmission electron microscope. Tracheary elements were formed in all studied kinds of calluses. They had lignified spiral or reticulate thickening of cell walls. In nonmorphogenic calluses, tracheary elements were chaotically dispersed. In morphogenic callus, the vessel system during caulo- and rhizogenesis from tracheary elements was formed. The application of TEM allowed for an observation of the very early stages of formation of tracheary elements which were initiated by the degeneration of cell protoplast and transformation of cell wall. Tracheogenesis has been already studied in callus culture. However, rarely the authors were concerned on the phenomenon of the ultrastructure level.
6

Plastids in callus tissue culture of Plantago asiatica L.

100%
Makowczynska J., Andrzejewska-Golec E., Marek K.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 2
275-281
EN
For the last few years, in the Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany ? Plantago asiatica L. ? a medicinal plant, popular in the Far East, has been cultured in vitro. Two lines of the nonmorphogenic callus were obtained: cream- and green- coloured. They were induced from the roots taken from 4-week-old seedlings. The cream-coloured callus was cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium enriched with 0.5 mg/dm3 2,4- D and 0.2 mg/dm3 BAP. The green callus was initiated on the same medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/dm3 IAA and 2 mg/dm3 BAP and next it was cultured on MS with 0.5 mg/dm3 IAA and 0.2 mg/dm3 BAP. The fragments of the callus were studied using the light microscope and the transmission electron microscope. For cream-coloured callus, proplastids and amyloplasts were observed. In green callus, in addition to the plastids found in cream-coloured callus, also chloroplasts were observed.
7

The initiation of the callus cultures of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora tzvelev.)

100%
Kulpa D., Rzepka-Plevnes D., Kurek J.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 2
231-236
EN
The aim of the work was to determine the influence of the kind of the explant, of the growth and light regulators on the initiation of the callus cultures of chrysanthemum. For the of the initiation callus cultures some parts of the inflorescence (ray flowers, flower bottom) and parts of the leaf blade of the 'Erica' variety of chrysanthemum were used. The explants placed on the MS medium were supplemented with auxins (1 mg?dm-3 IAA, IBA, NAA and 2.4D) or with a combination of auxin NAA (from 1.0 to 5.0 mg dm-3) and cytokinine BAP (from 0,1 do 2 mg dm-3). Half of the cultures were carried out in the light of the intensity of 50 PAR, while the other half was carried out in the dark. The obtained results showed that in the case of the studied variety of chrysanthemum both the explants of the leaves and the selected parts of the inflorescence constitute good initial material for induction of callus. A positive effect of the light on the initiation of the culture, no matter what explant was used to set it up, was also observed. In the case of the 'Erica' variety of chrysanthemum, the largest weight of the formed callus, no matter what explant was used, was obtained in the MS medium with cytokinine BAP (2 mg dm-3) and an auxin NAA (1 mg dm-3).
8

Production and morphology of the hybrids Aegilops kotschyi ? Secale cereale and Ae. biuncialis ? S. cereale

88%
Wojciechowska B., Pudelska H.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2002
|
vol. 43
|
issue 3
279-285
EN
Hybrids between Aegilops kotschyi and Ae. biuncialis with Secale cereale were synthesized. Five Ae. kotschyi and four Ae. biuncialis accessions, as well as one inbred and four self-compatible forms of Secale cereale were used for crossing. The hybrids were produced directly from cultured embryos or through embryo callus culture. Sixty hybrids, 11 involving Ae. kotschyi and 49 Ae. biuncialis, had a stable somatic chromosome number 2n = 3x = 21. The plants showed good vegetative vigour and tillering capacity. Morphologically the hybrids were intermediate between their parents and completely sterile. In vitro propagation of Ae. kotschyi and Ae. biuncialis ? S. cereale hybrids revealed that their capacity for callus production and plantlet regeneration ? varies.
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