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Hydraulic Properties of Soils of Akani Esuk Orok in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

100%

Akpa E. A., Eyong M. O., Afu S. M., Olim D. M.

World News of Natural Sciences

2019

vol. 22

102-109

The study highlights the hydraulic properties of Akani Esuk Orok in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Twenty soil samples were collected from Akani Esuk in Calabar on a grid measuring 6 m X 6 m at a distance of 2 m apart to determine the hydraulic conductivity and to assess its influence on bulk density, particle density, total porosity and texture. The mean value of hydraulic conductivity was 14. 91cmhr-1, bulk density1.3 g cm-3, particle density 2.5 g cm-3, total porosity 47.6 %, sand content 80.1 %, silt content 8.4 % and clay content 11.5 %. The texture of the experimental plot was loamy sand. The mean values of pH were 5.4; effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) was 63.9 cmol kg-1.These values, which are rated medium for the soils are probably responsible for the luxuriant growth of several crops cultivated in the area. The mean base saturation of the soils was 58.3 %. The potassium level of the study area was low, a mean value of 0.11 2 mg kg-1. Though the soils were strongly acidic in reaction and the fertility status was considered low, medium and high taking consideration values of organic carbon, total nitrogen, ECEC and base saturation. Hence, the fertility should be maintained by planting Calopogonium municoides, Centrosema pubescens and adoption of appropriate cultural practices.

Diagnosis of Performance of Four Tillage Methods by Analytical Hierarchy Procedure (AHP) and Overall Tilth Index in Clay Vertisols

72%

Elfadil A. D., Abbas O. M., Karar A. B., Mohammed H. I.

vol. 44

176-191

This study was carried out during seasons 2018/2019, and 2019/2020, in Tayba Block-the Sudan - Gezira central clay plains, to evaluate the field performance of four land preparation methods using three tillage equipment: chisel plow "intensive tillage", disc harrow "medium tillage", ridger "minimum or reduced tillage" and no tillage machine. An overall tilth index to reflect field performance of tillage methods was determined from four measured soil tilth indicators (bulk density, porosity, aggregate uniformity, and penetration resistance). Diagnosis of land preparation methods was made using analytical hierarchy procedure (AHP) for ranking tilth indicators by weight assignment and determination of overall tilth index using a linear relation. The results show that Bulk density of the soil surface layer was reduced by tillage implements compared to no till. High significant difference at 1 % level was observed between reduced or no tillage and intensive tillage by chisel or disc harrow on average percentage Soil porosity. Bulk density and Soil porosity are inter-related with similar trend. Aggregate stability showed highest value with no till treatment followed by chisel plow, while those obtained by harrow or ridger implements do not differ significantly. Penetration resistance was significantly lowered by tillage implement compared with using no tillage machine. The highest reduction is achieved by disc harrow followed by ridger and the least reduction is made by chisel plow. Penetration resistance is interrelated to Bulk density. Using analytical hierarchy procedure ranked the tillage indicators in descending order by weight values of 1.01, 0.62, 0.29 and 0.12 for Penetration resistance, Bulk density, Porosity, and Aggregate particle stability respectively. The diagnosis of tillage alternatives by development of the overall tillage index resulted in ranking tillage methods in descending order of preference as: ridger, disc harrow, chisel plow, and no tillage machine. It is thus recommended to use reduced tillage "ridging only" as the most technically feasible tillage method achieve an optimal seedbed with minimum energy input.

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2 World News of Natural Sciences

1 2022

1 2019

1 Abbas O. M.

1 Afu S. M.

1 Akpa E. A.

1 Elfadil A. D.

1 Eyong M. O.

1 Karar A. B.

1 Mohammed H. I.

1 Olim D. M.

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Hydraulic Properties of Soils of Akani Esuk Orok in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

Diagnosis of Performance of Four Tillage Methods by Analytical Hierarchy Procedure (AHP) and Overall Tilth Index in Clay Vertisols