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Analytical methods for determination of benzodiazepines. A short review

100%

Szatkowska P., Koba M., Kośliński P., Wandas J., Bączek T.

Open Chemistry

2014

vol. 12

issue 10

994-1007

Benzodiazepines (BDZs) are generally commonly used as anxiolytic and/or hypnotic drugs as a ligand of the GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor. Moreover, some of benzodiazepines are widely used as an anti-depressive and sedative drugs, and also as anti-epileptic drugs and in some cases can be useful as an adjunct treatment in refractory epilepsies or anti-alcoholic therapy. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) methods, gas chromatography (GC) methods, capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods and some of spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods were developed and have been extensively applied to the analysis of number of benzodiazepine derivative drugs (BDZs) providing reliable and accurate results. The available chemical methods for the determination of BDZs in biological materials and pharmaceutical formulations are reviewed in this work.

Drug related deaths between 2008 and 2011. A retrospective study in 32 Romanian counties

75%

Dermengiu D., Hostiuc S., Radu D., Aciu F., Gorun G., Astarastoae V., Ioan B., Constantinescu G., Enache A., Ciocan V., Talos I., Curca G.

Open Medicine

2013

vol. 8

issue 6

849-854

The purpose of this study is to determine the pattern of drug related deaths in Romania between 2008 and 2011 by analyzing the medical-legal cases, from a significant proportion of Romanian Counties (out of 41 plus the capital), in which the direct causal link between drug overdose and death was drug related. Material and methods. 446 forensic toxicology cases were analyzed in a four year period, obtained from more than two thirds of the counties in Romania. Results. 54.26% yielded a positive toxicological analysis, most often with benzodiazepines, opiates, barbiturates and cannabinoids. Males around 31 years old represented the most affected group. Illegal drug related deaths were more frequent in males and non-illegal drug related deaths were proportionally more frequent in females. Discussions and conclusions. The pattern of consumption is similar to the one obtained by similar studies in neighboring countries. The city capital has a very distinct pattern of consumption compared to other cities/counties.

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1 Open Chemistry

1 Open Medicine

1 2014

1 2013

1 Aciu F.

1 Astarastoae V.

1 Bączek T.

1 Ciocan V.

1 Constantinescu G.

1 Curca G.

1 Dermengiu D.

1 Enache A.

1 Gorun G.

1 Hostiuc S.

1 Ioan B.

1 Koba M.

1 Kośliński P.

1 Radu D.

1 Szatkowska P.

1 Talos I.

1 Wandas J.

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Analytical methods for determination of benzodiazepines. A short review

Drug related deaths between 2008 and 2011. A retrospective study in 32 Romanian counties