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EN
The paper presents the characteristics of the life cycle of the “Yvette” cyclone and the associated rainfall in Europe. The low originated on May 13th over the Gulf of Genoa. The system moved along Vb route over the Hungarian lowlands, then changed its path to the west. The system was visible on the maps for approx 4.5 days. Heavy rain affected areas of Serbia situated south-west of Belgrade. On May 14th the daily totals reached 112 mm in Belgrade and 130 mm in Loznica. In Bosnia and Herzegovina the rainfall was much lower than in Serbia. In Croatia the precipitation maxima were smaller than in Serbia and BiH. In Poland the highest rainfall occurred between 15 and 17 of May. Record amount of pre-cipitation was measured on May 15th in Zakopane (114 mm). If Yvette trajectory had not been shifted from the Vb pathway toward the west the precipitation and flood risk in Poland would have been higher.
PL
Szansa wystąpienia niżu śródziemnomorskiego, który w dalszych etapach cyklu życiowego przemieści się nad Europę Środkowo-Wschodnią, rośnie wiosną i osiąga maksimum w kwietniu i maju (Degirmendžić, Kożuchowski 2014). Wiosną 2014 r. pogoda rozwinęła się według przewidywalnego scenariusza – serię niżów przemieszczających się na wschód znad Północnego Atlantyku w pierwszej połowie maja zakończył klin wyżowy rozcią- gnięty południkowo znad Morza Norweskiego nad Azory. Cyrkulacja strefowa została zablokowana i wzrosło prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia quasi-południkowych trajektorii niżów.
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Tracing the Life and Work of August Rozental

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EN
Introduction. The objective of this paper was to provide an overview of the life and work of a Polish artist and painter, August Rozental, who lived and worked in Bulgaria in the late 19th and early 20th century and is completely unknown in Poland. Documentation of his work may be of interest to both art historians and Polish travel agencies, the latter for marketing purposes. Material and methods. In searching for reliable information, the focus remained on historical, icono-graphic and epigraphic sources. Archival and museum collections were consulted, as were academic libraries, periodicals and internet sites (Polish, Bulgarian, Serbian and Russian). The information thus obtained was verified on the basis of three interviews with museology specialists. Results. The information was presented in terms of a description of the location and marketing product, to address the needs of cultural tourism. Consequently, the descriptions focus primarily on the artist's surviving works and their locations in monasteries in and around Sofia. Along the way, interesting information was discovered regarding the accomplishments of his brother Juliusz, a poet, and their father August, a doctor who years earlier was exiled to Siberia along with his family. Original, newly discovered documents containing personal information about August Rozental (the painter) are also presented. Conclusion. The research confirms his Polish origins and documents the current locations of his most interesting works of art. This makes them easily accessible to both specialists and tourists interested in the subject.
PL
Opracowanie przedstawia analizę trajektorii śródziemnomorskiego cyklonu Yvette, zmian ciśnienia w centrum niżu oraz wybranych pól meteorologicznych zmieniających się w cyklu życiowym niżu. Środowisko synoptyczne związane z niżem opisano, wykorzystując pola geopotencjału, wiatru i dywergencji w górnej troposferze, rozkłady prędkości pionowej, wirowości względnej i wiatru w środkowej troposferze, a także pola ciśnienia na poziomie morza. Cyklon trwał 6 dni. Ciśnienie w centrum układu osiągnęło wartość minimalną 996 hPa. Największa ujemna tendencja ciśnienia wyniosła ‒7hPa/12h. Wpływ cyrkulacji w górnej i środkowej troposferze na aktywność niżu zaobserwowano szczególnie wyraźnie podczas fazy cyklogenezy oraz maksymalnego pogłębiania.
EN
This paper analyzes the trajectory of the Mediterranean cyclone Yvette, pressure changes in its center and the evolution of selected meteorological fields during the life cycle of the cyclone. Geopotential, wind and divergence fields in the upper troposphere, vertical velocity, relative vorticity and wind fields in the middle troposphere as well as sea level pressure fields were analyzed. The cyclone lasted 6 days. The central pressure dropped to a minimum of 996 hPa. The biggest deepening rate reached ‒7hPa/12h. The impact of upper and mid-tropospheric circulation on the cyclone activity could be observed especially during cyclogenesis and maximum deepening stage.
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