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1

Oxidation-reduction conditions in the bottom sediments of Puck Bay

100%
Bolalek J., Kowalewska M.
Oceanological Studies
|
1997
|
vol. 26
|
issue 2-3
117-126
EN
Chloride, phosphate, sulphate, ammonia, hydrogen carbonate concentrations, the redox potential Eh and the pH of bottom sediments were determined. The spatial distribution and profiles of selected species are presented. These parameters showed great variability (e.g. potential redox values ranged from -358 to 223 mV), which depended mainly on the penetration of underground waters and station location, and but only to an insignificant extent on the bottom type. Higher redox potentials were recorded for samples with low PO43-, NH4+, HCO3- and Cl- concentrations and with high SO42- concentrations. The relationship between redox potential and the concentration of species originating from the oxidation of organic matter, e.g. PO43-, NH4+ and HCO3-, was found.
2

Toxic metals in bottom sediments and ferromanganese concretions of the Southern Baltic Sea

80%
Szefer P.
Oceanological Studies
|
2000
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vol. 29
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issue 1
31-55
EN
Horizontal and vertical distributions of micro- and macroelements in sediment from the Southern Baltic (including the Vistula Lagoon) are discussed. Variations of concentrations of trace metals and rare earth elements (REE) in ferromanganese concretions sampled from S?upsk Furrow in the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone are characterized. The lack of positive cerium anomalies in the concretions from S?upsk Furrow indicates that they were formed under less oxidizing conditions than spheroidal concretions from the Gulf of Bothnia. M?ssbauer studies indicate that poorly crystalline lepidocrosite is the principal iron oxyhydroxide mineral present in these concretions. It is concluded that Ag, Cd, Pb, Zn and possibly Cu are anthropogenic in origin. The concentrations of these elements decrease sharply with depth in the sediment column and the elements are preferentially enriched in the < 2 ?m size fraction of the sediment. The anthropogenic elements show no systematic decrease in concentration with depth in a sediment core collected near the mouth of the Vistula River. This reflects the higher sedimentation rate there such that the entire upper 20 cm of the core was deposited during the major, post-war period of industrialization in Poland. It is suggested that the heavy metals are mainly adsorbed on Fe oxyhydroxide particles with diameters greater than 2 ?m at the hydrological front where the Vistula River waters mix with brackish Baltic waters. It appears that heavy-metal pollution of sediments in some parts of Puck Bay may be greater than that near the mouth of the Vistula River which may reflect, in part, the higher sedimentation rate near the mouth of the Vistula River. The mode of incorporation of heavy metals into the sediments in the two areas may also be different. It is speculated that Cu, Zn and Ag have been introduced recently into the sediments of the Gulf of Gda?sk principally from the Vistula River, whereas Cd and Pb have been transported, in part, from the atmosphere. Cd like Pb is a volatile element easily subjected to atmospheric transport. The dual source of Cd and Pb (atmospheric and riverine) reaching the Gulf of Gda?sk may explain the complex interelement relationships displayed by these elements in the sediments of this region. Ag, on the other hand, is introduced into the marine environment mainly with sewage sludge.
3

Toxic substances in the water, bottom sediments and organisms of the Gdansk Basin

80%
Andrulewicz E.
|
|
issue 1-2
77-85
EN
Research on toxic substances in the Gdansk BAsin was done in the form of individual projects.Elevated concentration of cadmium, lead, and zinc were recorded in water at stations located near the cities of Gdansk and Gdynia.THe degree of pollution of bottom sediments by trace metals was estimated by calculation of the enrichment coefficient (EF) of the surface layers.The highest values of the enrichment coefficient for trace metals were recorded in the deepest parts of Puck Bay and in the Gdansk Deep.The trace metal distribution in the Gdansk BAsin is practically identical with that of organic carbon concentrations.The natural variability of metal concentrations in fish was very broad.Neverthlass, investigations done hitherto have shown that metal concentrations in tissues of fish intended for human consumption do not exceed permitted levels.No transgression of permitted levels has been found either for DDT or PCBs.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are belived also to be metabolised in marine organisms; however, it is belived that they might affect reproduction and physiolgical processes in demersal fish.
4

Impact of invasive benthic crustaceans on the resuspension of bottom sediments: an experimental study approach

80%
Zaiko A., Olenin S.
Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies
|
2004
|
issue 3
99-110
EN
The resuspension process caused by the burrowing activity of three Ponto-Caspian amphipod species (Pontogammarus robustoides, P. crassus and Chaetogammarus ischus) introduced to the Curonian Lagoon, Baltic Sea, was studied in a laboratory. The experimental set-up included aquaria with three types of bottom sediments: 1) sand; 2) sand with pebbles; 3) sand with stones up to 30 cm in diameter. The experimental aquaria contained amphipods in numbers that mimicked their density in situ, while control aquaria contained no animals. Water was sampled from three different layers (1, 5, and 9 cm above the sediment surface) from experimental and control aquaria and analyzed with a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 660 nm in order to estimate the density of suspended material. The burrowing activity of the amphipods in all sediment types increased the amount of suspended material throughout the studied water layer (10 cm). The most visible effect was detected above the sandy bottom with large stones, the least ? above the sandy-pebble bottom. The conclusion was drawn that the invasive burrowing amphipods can increase the resuspension of bottom sediments in invaded ecosystems.
5

Distribution of elements in surficial sediments of the Southern Baltic determined by factor analysis

80%
Szefer P., Pempkowiak J., Kaliszan R.
Oceanological Studies
|
1993
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issue 64/3
85-93
6

The geochemical profile of bottom sediments in the Domiaza (Oder river estuary, northwest Poland)

41%
Piotrowski S., Laba-Mydlowska E.
Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies
|
2003
|
issue 4
79-115
EN
The Domiaza is a fragment of the Oder river estuary situated north of Szczecin. This area is exposed to complex hydrological processes and strong anthropogenic pressure. Key physical and chemical parameters of the Domiaza sediments (fraction < 2mm), e.g., dry residue (Ds), ignition loss (Iz), CaCO3 and organic carbon content, show high coefficients of variation (over 60%). Similar variation is typical of the heavy metal concentrations (Cu, Zn, Pb, Co, Cd and Hg) and the organic carbon content in the fraction smaller than 0.20 mm. The spatial distribution of the examined parameters in the Domiaza sediments results from the dynamics of this environment, especially the heavy watercraft traffic and the continuous dredging of the Szczecin-Swinoujscie water lane. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Co found in the Domiaza sediments are higher than those found in the geochemical background of Poland, while concentrations of mercury are comparable. Moreover, the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd found in the Domiaza sediments are higher than the average concentrations of these metals in adjacent areas (Oder River, Dabie Lake, Szczecin Lagoon), but the concentrations of Hg and Co are comparable or lower depending on the area of reference. A survey of heavy metals concentrations conducted in 1999 detected higher than average concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, and particularly Co (twice) and Hg (over thirty times), and lower concentrations of Cd in comparison with the average levels of 1996. The reason for these differences was the selective inflow of heavy metals to the Domiaza area after the disastrous flood of 1997.
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