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Biotechnologia
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1993
|
issue 4
96-106
EN
In the 1980s biotechnology was included in the curricula of Polish universities and polytechnics.At the moment there are over 7 hundred students of biotechnology related faculties. Food and environmenental biotechnology is the most popular specialization in biotechnological education.Hovever, relatively few continue their studies at the Ph.D.level.
EN
The paper presented two definition of biotechnology as well as achivements of new biotechnology.The status of Biotechnology in Poland and the most important topics in biotechnology research was described.
EN
It is a good chance that biotechnology will become "the engine" of science and technology development in Poland.Many changes which have occured over the last 5 years give grounds for optymism: opening of new laboratories, computerization, relationship with United Europe and new legislation towards European standards.The scientific achievments of the scientists are more promising in Poland than in other Central Europe countries, taking into account the number of people and economic situation.However, no clearcut strategy for the development of science, very limited finances available for basic research and low salaries of scientific can destroy the still positive picture of today's biotechnology in Poland.We urgently need investments in science, and selection of biotechnology priorities (e.g. agrobiotechnology, health protection and ecology).
EN
The organization and activities of the World Federation for Culture Colletions, the World Data Center, The European Culture Colletion Organization Microbial Strain Data Network and the Microbial Informtion Network Europe were described.Special attention was given to the activities of the Polish Culture Colletions.
EN
Harmonization of norms concerning biotechnology in European Union is presented structure and activities of European Committee for Standarization are discussed.
EN
The authors review the Eurobarometer 1996 data concerning public perception of biotechnology in European Union countries.
EN
Hydantoinase is an industrial enzyme widely used for the synthesis of nonnatural D- or L-amino acids. Optically pure amino acids are required for production of semisynthetic antibiotics, active peptides or agrochemicals such as pesticides, herbicides, pyrethroides, and are important as feed and food additives. Major advantages of application of hydantoinase in industry are: high efficiency, stereoselectivity, easy production of substrates for enzyme and environment friendly alternative to chemical methods.
EN
The advent of molecular biology and recombinant DNA technology brought new developments not only to agricultural, but also to medicine and the basic sciences.Molecular biology and genetic engineering technologias have not onlyaccelerated progress in science, but have also heightened the potential safety risks and ethical concerns associated with these products.Objectivessuch as these can only be dealt with by conscientious integation of scientific information with the ethical discussions.The use of recombinant DNA technology has and will continue to be used for the diagnosis of disease, gene therapy type strategies, as well as in forensic arenas.Dwespite many problems associated with, biotechnology will continue into a vibrant, healthy "adult".
EN
In this paper, the Buddhists' teaching related to modern biotechnology is presented. Buddhists live in accordance with nature and according to their beliefs any intervention in the nature is wrong
EN
Patent practice at the European Patent Office for biotechnological inventions is presented. The patentobility of different inventions in DNA field are discussed.
EN
In this article the developments of new biotechnology are assessed by putting the high expectations of the early eighties in perspective and elaborating on the prospects of the nineties
EN
Public perception is one of key factors for the future development of biotechnology. We surveyed Polish society in years 1998-2001. Significant decrease of trust in biotechnology during this period of time has been found. In conclusion, the necessity of permanent education is stressed.
EN
Public perception of biotechnology in Poland in years 1998-2000 was surveyed. In the survey in general the scheme of research of Eurobarometer was followed. Based on the data of last three years the changes of the opinion of Polish society in comparison to the European data were presented. About 10% reduction of the public trust and willingness to accept biotechnology was found in all social groups, except well educated, well finances group, aged 20-30 years. The conclusion is simple only the social, permanent education will improved public perception of modern technology.
EN
Surveys of public perception of biotechnology were conducted in Poland, similarly as Eurobarometer in EU, in 1996, 1999, 2001 and January 2003. We have observed on increase of scepticism of Polish society in acceptance of biotechnology and biotechnology products. The majority of Poles expect the supervision of state administration and strict law regulations, similarly as in EU. In comparison to the year 2000, the support for biotechnology products has decreased in about 20%. The public wants solid information and transparence system. The knowledge of basic facts related to molecular biology is relatively high. The most wanted is capacity building program.
EN
Disaccharide sucrose plays important role in plants in photoassimilate partitioning, and as a carbon and energy source, it regulates cell metabolism, plant growth and development. Utilization of sucrose in most metabolic pathways is preceding by enzymatic cleavage of sucrose to monosaccharides. This cleavage is catalyzed by invertase and sucrose synthase. Hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose provides substrates to primary metabolism reactions proceed in plant cell. Because sugars in plants are not only nutrients molecules, but also regulate expression of genes, invertase can control cell division and plant development. Several types of invertases can exist in plant cells, which differ in their biochemical properties and cell localization. The rapid accumulation of information about their physiological function and regulation in planta has revealed the biotechnological potential of these proteins. This review focuses on recent advances in the properties and role of the identified plant invertases in the light of application for plant metabolic engineering.
EN
Bioinformatics is a very important part of biotechnology.The databases give us possibility to analyse the sequence and structure of bimolecules.It is very useful for research and industrial applications of biotechnology.In this paper we show the available database on CD-ROM and in on-line service in Poland useful for biotechnologists.This article based on the experts report written for CODATA Committee,
EN
Directions of development in biotechnology are determined to a high degree by private corporations. Intellectual property, including patents and related thereto exclusive rights, have turened into a mercantile title to innovations, applicable particularly in respect to production resources for agriculture. Presently, the content of intellectual property rights does not ensure proportional share in benefits to all those who have contributed to its creation. Expansion of intellectual property in agriculture is taking place on a variety of important fields. The State creates the possibility of formulating long-lasting monopolies, existing for 30 and more years. Other examples include the extending of patent rights beyond acceptable bounds, even in the light of the patent laws presently applicable throughout the world, and to some extent also commercial law limits are being exceeded, i.e. the so-called species patents. Specific legal solutions are imposed upon signatories of international treaties in the name of 'harmonizing' internal legal systems of countries. Instrumentation available in Poland used to protect trading in innovative solutions in agriculture should be extended to include exterritorial exhaustion of rights from patents. Assesment of legal solutions available in this field is closely connected with the values relating to moral standards, which should be carried by the applicable law.
Biotechnologia
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2002
|
issue 4
105-114
EN
The purpose of writing this article was to show the audience how many factors can influence the development of biotechnology in Poland. I am a head of the biotechnology department in Aventis CropScience Polska. Since I have five years experience in implementing the law regulations regarding GMO?s and in the introduction attempt of transgenic crop varieties into the Polish market, I wrote some remarks. These remarks concern the activities of the biotechnology companies, job perspectives for the biotechnology graduates, and the activities of the antagonists. The commercialisation of transgenic crops in Poland failed because of many reasons, such as political reasons, emotional reasons, and also because of precautionary principles valid in Europe. It has negative influenced on the development of job opportunities and foreign investments on the market. On the other hand, the education system has discovered the big chance for the future in education of biotechnology specialists. Dealing in the field of biotechnology in Poland, we still meet a lot of barriers. They caused the informal moratorium for agro-biotechnology in fact.
EN
The unique thermotolerance of hyperthermophiles, suitable as valuable sources of thermostable enzymes, is a result of various minor changes which led to the restriction of protein flexibility and modifications of nucleic acids and membrane lipids. Furthermore, all hyperthermophiles produce a number of heat shock proteins and thermoprotectants. Thermal resistance of these microorganisms is also enhanced by rapid resynthesis of thermolabile compounds and by elimination of such intermediates from cell metabolism.
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